Youth perceptions of African traditional values and socio-economic implications for Nigeria
Thank Gode & Amba Antakikam
Department of Economics and Development Studies Alex-Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebony State-Nigeria
The perception that African indigenous values are inferior to foreign values has to a great extent imprisoned the psyche of most Nigerian youth to the extent that a lag is created with concomitant socio-economic implications. The new wave of lifestyles and values among youth is characterized by indiscipline and abuses. We live in a world where the youth pursue fashions and values that are alien to Africa’s normative customs. As far as these youth are concern, African traditional values are archaic, demonic, timid and of no relevance in the present dispensation. It is also obvious that many youth pursue values without knowing whether they are right or wrong and sometimes ignorant of their implications. In a bid to appear “civilized” or “modern”, some youth find themselves entrapped in a world of confusion. This paper employed qualitative research, involving published data. The study found out that youth negative perceptions of African traditional norms and values are consequences of interrelated factors involving western education, social media and globalization dilemma. In other words the craze for foreign values and the subsequent erosion of African traditional values is exacerbated by the type of education bequeathed to the African child during the colonial era, abuse of the social media, globalization dilemma dominated by America/Eurocentric ideologies. The consequence being the proliferation of crimes and immoral behaviors such as scam, hate speeches, kidnappings, terrorism, fraud, corruption, youth restiveness, drug abuse, cultism and conflicts of unimaginable proportion. It is therefore recommended among others that government, Non-Governmental Organizations, faith base organizations and social workers should introduce policy measures that will promote African indigenous values, norms and culture among youth. This can also be done effectively through social work counseling, sensitizations, behavior change processes and advocacy.
A study of rural and urban multi dimensional poverty and its determinants in Tinsukia district of Assam, India
Falguni Das
Associate professor Department of economics Tinsukia college Tinsukia, 786125 Assam
Tinsukia district is one of the commercial district of Assam. Despite of being an industrial district having high opportunity, its position is 22nd out of 27th in human development index. This paper aims at measuring the level of multidimensional poverty and its dimensional breakdown in Tinsukia district, Assam. The paper also aims at comparing the outcome of income and multidimensional poverty among the rural and urban households in Tinsukia district, Assam. The paper estimates multidimensional poverty applying the methodology developed by Alkire and Foster using primary survey data. Following the same dimensions and indicators, weight and cut-offs, this study also considered three dimensions for both rural and urban areas: education, health and standard of living and 10 indicators for each dimensions, two for education, two for health and six for standard of living. The study found that multidimensional poverty is high in rural areas compared to urban. In the impact of change in different poverty cut-offs, the study found decline the value of MPI both in rural and urban areas with every increase in poverty cut-offs of the district. The contribution of nutrition indicator to MPI is high in rural areas followed by years of schooling while in urban child enrollment indicator contribute more to MPI followed by years of schooling and nutrition indicator. The comparative analysis of income and multidimensional poverty using cross tabulation shows that in rural areas for all three poverty cut-offs, the similarities between the two measures found less than the mismatch while in urban the similarities found in both income and multidimensional poverty measures higher than mismatch. In the analysis of the determinants of multidimensional poverty using binary logistic regression model, the study found that the area, education and employment status of the household head are significant at 5 percent level.
An Appraisal of Deteriorating Status of Geography Education and Research in India
Kumar Bapi
Doctoral Researcher,School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi
The inauguration of the first geography department at the Aligarh Muslim University during 1924 laid the foundation for the promotion of geography as a university discipline in India. Between 1924 to 1940, only three university departments served to satisfy the demands for geographical education in India.At the time of independence, India had 19 universities with geography departments at Aligarh, Allahabad, Calcutta, and Varanasi. The growth of geography as a university discipline stimulated after independence and there were 51 geography departments in the country till the 1970s.This work was a critical evaluation of the contemporary status of geographical education and research in India. Data was obtained from the websites of the concerned universities to perform the analysis. Besides, many professional geographers engaged in teaching and research work at the college and university level were also interviewed. The outcome of the efforts reveals a condition of partial treatment as most of the geographers emphasize human geographical analysis and physical geography despite being the very base of the discipline remained a marginalized branch. A review exercised to highlight the pathetic conditions of geographic research and relevance in contemporary times. Besides, some suggestions are also discussed to improve the state of geographical education and research in India
Determinants of Turnover Tax (TOT) Tax Collection Effectives in Ethiopia: The Case Hosanna Town.
Swati Kulkarni
Department of business management, Faculty of management sciences, University of calabar, Calabar –Nigeria
Purpose- This paper aims to explore that factor influencing the effectiveness of Turnover tax collection in Hosanna Town. The study organized factors into four categories: Tax- administration related, Tax officers-related, Taxpayers-related and Tax systems related factors. Approach- The study used an explanatory approach, whereby data from 276 taxpayers’ for three sub-cities in Hosanna Town were collected using administer the questions. The questionnaire had 38 statements representing factors and12 statements representing the Turnover tax revenue collection effectiveness. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. In the case of descriptive statistics, the study used frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. For the inferential statistics, the study used multiple regression analysis. Findings –The study findings showed that there were eight main critical factors turnover tax effectiveness. The results showed that turnover tax rate, mode of payment, Government policy formulation and services to taxpayers, Taxpayers knowledge of obligations and rights are factors that positively significantly effective on turnover tax revenue. However, punishment by tax office, detection capabilities of tax offices, education and advice from tax office were not significantly at 5 % significance effective on turnover tax revenue. Research Limitations - Despite the contributions of this study, there are some limitations which need to be acknowledged. First, data were collected from taxpayers only. Secondly, only 12 statements for factor were used. Thirdly, the study has used only primary data. Last, perceptual measures of turnover tax collection effectiveness. .The authors consider that if other approaches were used, they could have reached different conclusions. Therefore, future studies could be conducted in the areas where limitations have been identi?ed. Practical Implications –From a practical perspective, revenue authority may be relying on taxpayers, as well as regulations, directives and proclamation, for turnover tax collection effectives. The study shows that mode of payment, taxpayer right and obligations on proclamation and tax policy on turnover tax are critical factors too. However, the study also has practical implications for local (Town) governments, revenue authority, turnover tax collection and taxpayers at large.
Influence of Entrepreneurial Student Program (ESP) Towards Entrepreneurial Behavior of Undergraduate Student: Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Analysis
Imam Noor and Deden Dinar
Department Economics and Development Studies Diponegoro University, Jalan Hayam Wuruk , Semarang, Indonesia
This paper aims to investigate the effect of the Student Entrepreneurial Program (ESP) on student entrepreneurial intentions and behavior. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is used in this study to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurial intentions and behavior with ESP and access to resources in addition to antecedents of TPB. A total of 200 active students of Diponegoro University of Indonesia (UNDIP) participated in this survey. The Partial Least-Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach is used to test the model. The results show that entrepreneurial behavior among undergraduate students is positively influenced by ESP, accessibility to resources, and entrepreneurial intentions. In turn, attitudes and perceived behavioral control are positively related to entrepreneurial intentions but not significantly related to entrepreneurial behavior. On the other hand, subjective norms are not significantly related to entrepreneurial intentions or entrepreneurial behavior. Research findings can enrich the entrepreneurship literature and provide valuable information to policy makers. This research can be a consideration for the University and government in strengthening and redesigning ESP.
Leadership styles: a panacea for economic development in Nigeria
Augustine Bara
Department of business management Faculty of management sciences University of calabar Calabar- Nigeria
With the rapid expansion of leadership failures in Nigeria, the economic development has been negatively affected which required an urgent attention of our political leaders. The rationale behind adequate and effective leadership is to enhance economic development of the society via the adoption of viable or feasible leadership approaches in achieving the national development of the country. The dilemma confronting Nigerians in recent times, was the poor performance of our economy due to in appropriate leadership. However, there is a tremendous reduction in the growth of our nations’ gross domestic product (GDP); gross national product (GNP); employment level; national income (NI), as well as the critical increase in the exchange rate and interest rate respectively. These economic indicators have suffered in recent times in Nigeria due to inappropriate leadership. This paper centered on leadership as a panacea for economic development in Nigeria. The study adopted a theoretical-based approach by sourcing out information and data from journals, text books, internet materials, and other related sources of information, which was also supported by experience and observation of the researchers on the leadership situation of the Nigeria democratic system. The study revealed that Situational leadership approach positively influence the gross domestic product (GDP) of Nigeria. That functional leadership approach significantly affect the gross national product of the country. And that transformational leadership approach also have a positive influence on the employment level of youths in the country. Based on the findings, the study recommend thatthe government or the political leaders should adopt team management of 9.9 point of the leadership grid as described by Blake and Mountain, having high concern for people welfare and high concern for production for a balanced relationship to be created among the leader and the citizenry. The political leaders should as well adopt the different styles and approaches of leadership such as transformational/visionary, situational, functional, balanced and transactional leadership in order to boast the economic development of the country.
Economic business environment and survival of manufacturing firms in Nigeria
Augustine Bara
Department of Business Management Faculty of Management Sciences University of Calabar Calabar- Nigeria
This research paper principally focused on the correlation between economic business environment and survival of manufacturing firms in Nigeria, using Niger Mill Plc Calabar, Cross River State, as a case study. The study adopted qualitative or theoretical-based approach. Based on the analysis, the study revealed that high unemployment rate, high interest rate, high exchange rate as well as high inflation rate have a negative and significant relationships with the survival of manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The government should at all times evaluate and assess the level of unemployment rates in the country, and encouraging manufacturing firms to create more jobs for the teaming population of graduates by offering grants and practical and achievable loan facilities through central bank of Nigeria (CBN) and bank of industry (BOI) to manufacturing firms in the country. The government should also help to reduce and monitor the rapid acceleration of interest rates of commercial banks through the appropriate financial authorities in order to sustain and maintain the survival of manufacturing firms and scan the external economic environment to determine the strength/ weaknesses in the country.
Governance and regional integration in Africa development: suggestions on new perspectives
Egbara Owanan & Emmanuel Kant
Department of Political Science, College of Education, Akamkpa Cross River State, Nigeria
Regional integration is of immense value for the development of any continent. Therefore, Africa has experience new perspectives to achieve this trend. Hence, the absence of new perspectives suggestsfailure in the attempt to propagate the development of the African continent through synergy among states through regional organizations. The paper x-rayed certain theoretical approaches to integration like the Viner’s Customs Union theory and the Optimal Currency Area theory and the Neo-functional theory to examine the processes adopted in the formation of an economically integrated body and its influence on governance with particular focus on the African context. The paper adopted the Neo-functional theory of integration. To facilitate the regional integration process of the African continent, there is need to institute and implement sound policies, laws and strong institutions for the realization of democratic norms and values. The paper focused at the analysis of Africa’s emerging initiatives which include the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Good Governance African Union (AU), New Economic Partnership for African Development and the Conference on Security, Development and Co-operation in Africa, African Union among others, emphasizes new perspectives on regional integration in the pursuit of Africa’s long-absent economic and social regeneration. From the foregoing, it is therefore pertinent that the new perspectives are strong potentials in the development of regional integration in Africa by creating an inter-link between the pan African initiatives and the sub-regional integration paradigms.
Data Envelopment Analysis Technique (DEA) and Technical Efficiency Performance of Privatized and Non Privatized Firms in Nigeria
Oggbo Nan
Department of Economics Veritas University, Abuja The Catholic University of Nigeria
This study examined the technical efficiency of manufacturing firms in Nigeria over the 1995 to 2004 time period. Efficiency of the private sector in comparison to the public sector has been topical among economists and policy makers at all levels of government. This work is designed to empirically compare firms performance before and after privatization and the study adopted the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique to analyze the technical efficiency of firms before and after privatization.Three critical input variables (Raw materials cost, labor and capital) and two output variables (output and profit ) were used to evaluate the technical efficiency of ten manufacturing firms in Nigeria. The firms were selected from the numerous firms in the four geo political zones to represent the interest of the entire country due to their age long establishment, size and government equity investment in them. The investigation revealed that all the ten sampled firms used for the study exhibited various levels of efficiencies in terms of output and profit. Sevenfirms lied on the efficiency frontier with an efficiency score of 1.00 each before privatization while the remaining three firms were not technically efficient in terms of output. After privatization .In the after privatization era, seven firms were also technically efficient while three firms were inefficient. In terms of profit, Six firmslied on the efficiency frontier withan efficiency score of 1.00 each before privatization while the remaining four firms were inefficient. In the after privatization era, four lied on the efficiency frontier with an efficiency score of 1.000 each while the remaining six firms were inefficient in terms of profit. In a nutshell, the overall picture shows an improvement in performance after privatization. It shows that privatization has had a positive technical efficiency on privatized firms considering their present growth potentials across the country.
Revitalization of the role of education outside the school in empowering communities in era new normal in era new normal Ambo town, Ethiopia
Tulu Kujur
Assistant professor Department of Management Ambo University, Ethiopia
Outside School Education is one of the keys to success in development in an area. With a variety of flexibility and adaptability to provide and facilitate the needs of educational services in the new national era, out-of-school education is far stronger in reaching various networks and layers of society. This is because it can encourage the realization of a learning society in a real context, not just a populist political effort. This is what needs to be understood by various elements starting from the most basic role and the most important role in education outside of school, now and in the future, especially in the New Normal era.
Provision of Rehabilitation Services to People with Physical Impairment in Bahir Dar Physical Rehabilitation Center, in Bahir Dar, North West Ethiopia
Abadi Abadi
Department of Sociology, College of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
The purpose of this study was to explore provisions of rehabilitation service in Bahir Dar Physical RehabilitationCenter. Types of rehabilitation service, main challenges and strategies used to solve the problems were the specific objectives of this study. Qualitative research approach and case study design were employed. Multiple data sources which include in-depth interview and key informant interview were used to generate the relevant data. This study employed purposive sampling methods in order to incorporate participants based on their knowledge, expressing ability, and voluntarism. Thematic types of data analysis was used to categorize and labeled ideas in to meaningful themes through the process of transcribing, translating, categorizing, thematizing and interpreting of data. This study found that provisions of basic necessities, transportation cost coverage, physiotherapy, artificial limb and leg replacement service, (prosthesis and orthotic service), provision of walking aid were provided for physically impaired people attended at BPRC. The main challenges of BPRC found to be financial constraints, scarcity of man power, shortage of training service, information gap, lack of locally owned workshops, shortage of technologies and absence of community based rehabilitation program. Besides, to reduce the effect of the aforementioned challenges, promoting partnership and collaboration, strengthening outreach program, conducting beneficiary assessment were identified. This study concluded that attention needs to be given for people with physical impairment and legal frameworks need to be implemented at grass root level to create disability friendly environment.
Gender influence on academic performance of Nursing students in Nigerian Universities.
Esther Archi & Rose Eneji
University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
The purpose of the study aimed to examine the extent to which gender impact on academic performance of University Nursing Students in South-South and South-East Zone of Nigeria. The retrospective survey design was adopted for the study. Selection of subjects to be used for the study was done based on 275 Nursing students from University of Calabar and University of Nigeria, Enugu campus admitted in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 academic session and who subsequently graduated in 2009/2010 and 2010/2011 academic session. Instrument used for data collection was pro-forma which went through a face and content validation by both research supervisor and other test experts. The pro-forma was used to collect students’ records from the respective universities. The data collected were arranged, coded and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The hypothesis was tested at 0.05 level of significance. Findings of the study showed that demographic characteristic, in terms of gender, when considered individually does not significantly influence academic performance of university nursing students.
An analysis of political mobilization on twitter special reference to 2021 Maharashtra and Haryana state elections
Quamat Ali & Amran Pradhan
School of Business Management , Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences
Elections in India seem much like a festival and less like a life-changing event for millions of people. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 2014 and 2019 Lok Sabha elections felt much like it. One can agree to disagree that the massive wins have happened to alter the outlook of political communication in India. One cannot deny that his success was led smartly drafted social media and traditional campaigns that helped in garnering the attention of first-time voters and also the youth in BJP’s favour. Over the years, social media has happened to play a significant role in forging politician’s impression, and their roles towards the citizens of the country as these platforms allow politicians to disseminate and interact with their supporters directly. As PM Modi and many others such as late politician Sushma Swaraj from BJP upped their social media game, this somehow forced other leaders to reconsider their political strategies and embrace social media platforms like Twitter for effective political communication. Despite the copious amount of love from all the corners of the country, the voters seemed not very oozed by their beloved leader especially, during the assembly elections. The 2018 assembly elections in states, including Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Telangana made BJP opened their eyes to the significant competition around them. The leaders of opposition parties also tried giving PM Modi a tough time during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections, but an astounding win with 303 seats had everyone’s mouth shut. According to a few studies, the last two years (2017-19) strategies were focused on making Rahul Gandhi the apt competition. To date, he has been using Twitter aggressively to counter PM Narendra Modi and attract eyeballs of social media users towards the Congress party. This paper focuses on the latest data processing tools to find out how Twitter was a powerful tool for communicating political agendas by the highest state leadership of BJP, Congress and regional parties during the 2019 Maharashtra and Haryana assembly elections.
Technological and medical advances in healthcare industry Influential factors of human resource management
Nandita Mankhin
Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Periyar University, Salem, India
Technology and medical advances make the healthcare system more cost effective made through combining vast amounts of data, cloud computing techniques, machine learning and providing AI based solution. these advancements have made human factors as an important element in making the system to deliver better healthcare. There are many factors responsible for the growth of Indian healthcare industry. Technology has made tremendous contribution in medical and non-medical advancements. Lack of attention towards the role of human resource management in the wake of technological development is an important factor standing between success and failure in healthcare industry. Based on the required changes in human skills and their relationship a study has been conducted to identify the influential factors of human aspects and analyze the relationship among various factors of human aspects in healthcare industry. 15 multi-specialty hospitals were studied with 150 sample respondents of physicians, nurses, technical and laboratory assistants. 10 relevant factors of human resource were taken into consideration. ‘Technical Knowhow and Up-dation’, ‘Diagnostic and Consultancy Skills’ and ‘Machine Operating Skills’ are the major factors related to technological and medical advancements in healthcare industry. Changes are expected by the patients in terms of quality in treatment and accuracy in identification of disease of patients will happen only with the advances in medical services which are supported by the human resources.
Gender Differences and Sports Performance Among Secondary School Athletes in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria
James Uba
Department of Social Science Education, Geography and Environmental Education Option Faculty of Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka
The aim of this study was to examine gender differences and sports performance among secondary school athletes in Calabar metropolis of Cross River state, Nigeria. To achieve the purpose of this study, two research hypotheses were formulated. The survey research design was considered most appropriate for the study. Simple random sampling technique was adopted in selecting the six public secondary schools used for the study. A total of two hundred respondents were randomly selected for the study. A questionnaire was designed by the researcher with the help of some measurement and evaluation experts that gave its content and face validation. To test the hypotheses, independent t-test analysis was considered appropriate for the study. Each of the hypothesis at .05 level of significance was used for the statistical testing of each hypothesis with critical values and degrees of freedom. The results obtained revealed that there is a significant influence of biological and socio-cultural factors on athletes’ sports performance, based on a gender though socio-cultural factors were more significant. Based on these findings, it was recommended among others that relevant authorities should ensure that male and female athletes continue to participate in sporting events on their gender lines due to the biological factors in sports and that male and female students should be regularly and adequately sensitized on the enormous benefits that are associated with participating in physical activities in order to promote their level of performance and interest as well as improve their cognitive abilities
Political impact of armed conflict on women in Jammu and Kashmir (India) with reference to Shopian district
Hira Hirani & Kakoli Khatun
Research Scholar Department of Sociology & Social Work, Annamalai University
This paper examined the political impact of armed conflict on married women in Shopian district, Jammu and Kashmir. Quantitative method was used for the study. A Multi-Stage sampling technique was used to select 339 married respondents belonged to the age group of 18 to 40 years. The interview schedule was used to collect primary information from the respondents. Related literature is reviewed from secondary data. The level of political impact on women was studied using by five-point Likert Scale. The study exhibited that 87.3% of the respondents have faced a high level of the political impact of armed conflict. In the study, the huge number of respondents are found to have affected politically due to the armed conflict in the form of; affected by corrupted politicians, failure of government in a conflict situation, Panchayat Raj Institutions are not properly functioning, hindered the process of fair representation of one’s choice, avoiding to participate in the political rallies, avoiding to cast their votes in the elections etc. The study also illustrated that the women who are living in urban areas experienced a high level of political impact due to armed conflict as compared to rural areas. Therefore, it is recommended that the government should need to listen to the voices of women in Jammu and Kashmir.
Urbanization and insecurity in Nigeria: issues, challenges and prospects for national development
Labong Kamar
Department of Education, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Urbanization as an overall development outlook change is presently moving through creating nations out of control. The size and speed at which urbanization has assaulted various nations are disturbing and incapable to adapt to its challenges. Consequently, essential foundations and administrations are hardly furnished as urban development continues indiscriminately with serious dangers to the prosperity of the individuals and society. Nigeria is one of the rising nations at present wrestling with the challenges of urbanization particularly in the region of security of lives and properties. The current work has been irritated by the current inadequacy in urban approach usage according to security. This examination, consequently, depends on the broad-writing survey and chronicled recovery of recorded archives. The paper distinguished some notable highlights of the urbanization procedure in Nigeria. These incorporate quick populace development and changing segment structure; neediness and joblessness; challenges in getting to lodge conveyance information sources; and absence of sufficient limit with respect to the administration. The paper additionally inspected the ramifications of these challenges comparable to the issue of insecurity in urban zones. It, hence, kept up that urban approaches in creating urban communities if appropriately executed and oversee ought to realize a decrease of the waiting and tenacious insecurity challenges and promote economic and social development.
A Political Periphery of Bodo Women in Assam, India
Laximi Sultana & Munna Mehafuz
Associate Professor, Banaras University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Women have become conscious of socio, political and economic issues. The emergence of feminist perspectives in politics provides a different dimension on the issues of women empowerment.As per provisions contained in Article 243 D of the Constitution, 1/3rd of the Seats of Panchayati Raj Institutions and 1/3rd offices of the Chairperson at all level of Panchayati Raj Institutions covered by Part IX of the Constitution are reserved for women. In 17th Lok Sabha elections total of 716 women candidates were contested and 78 have been elected, which is only 14% of the house. This is higher than in 2014 where there were 62 women MPs in the house. The Bodoland Territorial Council is a political arrangement as per the 6th Schedule of the Indian Constitution. In this autonomy,an arrangement has been ignoring the issue of equal representation for women. Besides, very limited women are getting the opportunity to represent.In view of the above present study is undertaken with a view to analysing Boro women’s socio-political status in society.
Intervention of Technology and its Impact on Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme: Exploring Challenges and Opportunities
Dr.Vandana Shing
Assistant Professor Department of Political Science U.N. Brahma College, Dotma Kokrajhar , Assam
India is the second largest populated country in the world. As per 2011 Census Report India ‘s population is 121 crores, out of which, children in the age group 0-6 years constitute around 158 million. These children are the future asset of the country. So, for the better growth of both the citizen and the country Government started various schemes. Among them Ministry of Women and Child Development is implementing various schemes for growth, development and welfare of the children. Among other schemes Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) was launched in 2nd October, 1975, which is the flagship program of Government of India and is world’s largest community-based scheme targeting children up to the age of 0-6 years, pregnant and lactating mothers and women 16–44 years of age. The scheme is aimed to improve the health, nutrition and education of the target community. As per 2011 census, among the total population around 37.71 crore people, constituting 31.16 percent of the total population are residing in the urban or semi urban areas.As the study is based upon the urban and semi-urban population, the AWCs in the concerned areas/ population are being given emphasis. India is home to the world’s largest child (0-6 years) population of 158.8 million (Census 2011), of which 41.2 million reside in urban areas. The child population in urban and semi-urban areas increased by almost 3.9 million (10.32%) while the corresponding rural child population decreased by five million (7.04%) as compared to 2001 Census. AWCs are increasingly playing a crucial role in providing health and nutrition services to children and women in the urban scenario. ICDS scheme covers nearly 7067 ICDS projects (99.89%) out of approved 7075 and almost 13.60 lakh AWCs (97.14%) out of 14 lakhs across states of India (Govt. Portal). The main focus of the study is to analyze the current situation of the AWCs and to find out the implemented works and how technology can be enabled for the beneficiaries for their maximum profit.
Community practices regarding management of crop stubbles and valuation of health effects in selected villages of Sonipat and Jhajjar districts of Haryana
Subarna Das and Dr.Tapas Paul
1Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Katwa College, Katwa, Purba Bardhaman, West Bengal 713130
A community based cross-sectional survey was carried out using pre-structured questionnaire in 8 villages ofSonipat and Jhajjar districts in Haryana to know the community perception and practices about end use of crop stubble residues and valuation of health hazards. The present study showed that out of 240 respondents, 46 respondents agreed that they burnt crop residues while other respondents practice alternate methods for the management of crop. It was observed that methods like incorporation in soil, biogas production and electricity generation were significantly correlated with the educational status of the respondents (p< 0.05). Further, irritation in eyes (31.25%), coughing (28.75%) and asthma (15%) were considered as major health problems among the respondents due to stubble burning. Hence, promoting active community participation through education, awareness programmes, providing subsidy on crop management machinery may yield better results against illegal burning of crop residues and its impact on human health.
A Critical Survey on Infrastructure-induced Growth
Supriyatno Mandal & Samsul Sultana
Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Malang, Indonesia
Growth literature is replete with both theoretical as well as empirical studies on the theme of infrastructure-induced growth. Most theories argument unanimously accepted the proposition that infrastructure is one of the important preconditions of rapid economic growth which is also supported by a slew of empirical studies. But a detailed survey about the critical insights of theoretical and empirical studies on infrastructure induced growth especially in the context of most developing countries is required for better conceptualization and model building. All of these studies established the positive association between infrastructure and economic growth. However, lack of proper availability and asymmetrical development of infrastructural facilities may lead to growth divergence and disparity in terms of income inequality in the developing countries. Furthermore, the theoretical concepts and empirical evidences about infrastructure-induced growth discussed above are not free from methodological shortcomings like impact isolation, endogeneity problem, political involvement and reverse causation. Each one of these problems, again, needs special econometric treatment to solve these problems.
The analysis of the facilities locations and transportation activities in the supply chain management on firm performance
Gebaw Goshme and Dibakar Dedecha
Lecturer and Researcher at Department of Agricultural Economics Bule Hora University, Ethiopia
The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of facility location and transportation factors in the supply chain management practice on firms’ performance. To realize the specified objective of the paper data were gathered from 196 respondents in seven companies operating under three different types of industries operating in Ethiopia. Before applying Confirmatory Factor Analysis in AMOS, explanatory factor analyses were made by principal components analysis in SPSS to prove whether the respondents correctly understand and filled the survey. Further, reliability and validity test were made and proved that the results are satisfactory to proceed. To answer the research objective three hypo the sesproposed and tested by structural equation modelling (SEM). The result indicates that facility location and transportation factors in the supply chain management have direct and significant effects on organizational performance. Further, the result also show the existence of indirect effects of location factors on firms performance when transportation factors acts as intermediary variable between facility location and organizational performance. In general, the result of this study theoretically fill the gap of literature in the specified area of study in developing countries; and practically the result allows the companies under considerations to use the result of the study to improve current performance and to use the result as inputs in planning locations decisions in case of business expansion or new business development. The novel contribution of this study is its examination of the effects of facility locations decisions and transportation activities in integrating supply chain activities and leading to higher organizational performance; and the mediating effects of transportation between facility location and organizational performance.
Climate Change Awareness, Environmental Education and Gender Role Burdens Among Rural Farmers of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria
Joseph Odaman
Department of Education, University of Calabar, Nigeria
This paper examined climate change awareness level among rural farmers of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria, the strategies adopted for mitigating, prevention and adaptation, gender role burden between men and women due to the effects of climate change and the roles Environmental Education can play in privation, mitigation and adaptation of farmers to climate change effects in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Five questions guided the study. Two sets of instruments were used for data collection, a sample of 1258 respondents were selected for the study. Result analyzed using simple percentage and independent t-test revealed that rural farmers have some level of climate change awareness, 6 out of 9 strategies listed were being used by the rural farmers, women have increased workload burden than men, while Environmental Education can play very significant role in climate change prevention, mitigation and adaptation among rural farmers in Northern Cross River. Environmental Education should be carried to the rural setting to create the needed awareness, knowledge and skills to combat climate change effects.
Unpacking the relationship between Innovation Strategies and Firm Performance: the moderating role of Business Strategy
Effiom-Edem & Ibok Ekpenyong
Department of Science Education, University of Calabar Calabar, Nigeria
The aim of this paper is to evolve a conceptual framework and propositions on the relationships among selected business strategy dimensions, innovation strategy dimensions, and firm’s performance for a sample of 100 firms listed in stock exchange of India over the period 2010-2020. The data was collected using questionnaires that were distributed to the managerial level’s employees of specified organizations. The research intended to identify how these variables interrelate at the bi-variate and multivariate levels. Analysis was done by applying various bi-variate & multi variate analysis tools. Results show that innovation strategy choices differ substantially across firms with distinct business strategies and that business strategy influences the strength of the relationship between firm performance and specific innovation strategy. This is the first study examining the moderating role of business strategy on establishing the relationship between innovation strategy and firm’s performance in Indian context.
Sports elementals as correlates of football Promotion in Cross river state, Nigeria
P. M. Ekuri and Michael Antoni
Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Background: Football, as a sport, has a universal appeal as an instrument for propagating socio-political and economic emancipation of individuals, institutions, and nations. Generally, the development of football is faced with challenges not only on the part of players, and coaches but, also on the part of administration. A piece of good administrative knowledge and training are necessary for the effective utilization of resources available for football organization and development. Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the indices affecting football development in Cross River State. These indices are quality of facilities, quality of equipment and quality of coaches. The investigation will help the researcher discover the problems associated with the study variables and make appropriate recommendations to institutions responsible for sports administration including the Cross River State Sports Council, Cross River State Government, and other relevant stakeholders in sports development and administration. Method: The survey research method of the ex-post-facto type was adopted for the study. The stratified random sampling technique was used to select 10% of the football staff, board members of Cross River State Football Associations, organizing secretaries, coaches, assistant coaches and footballers of Cross River State. Data collected were analyzed using ANOVA at 0.05 level of significance and a post- hoc analysis was further employed using the Tukey Kramer Multiple comparison tests. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, returned and found to be valid for data analysis. Conclusion: It should be noted that although the quality of equipment and coaches had no significant bearing on the promotion of football, the cooperation/team spirit exhibited by all within the population of this study has always provided the impetus for football to thrive. As such, the provision of adequate facilities and training of coaches would further strengthen the promotion of football. Meanwhile, a team spirit exhibited by football staff, board members of Cross River State Football Associations, organizing secretaries, coaches, assistant coaches and players of Cross River State was the main source of inspiration even when there are inadequate football facilities/equipment and quality of coaches.
Issues and challenges of MGNREGA scheme in working of rural development: A micro-study of Lakhimpur District in Assam
Afreen Sulthana & Subrahmanyam Balaji
Research Scholar, Business School, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, AP, India
Rural development depends upon the development of the marginalized and women groups in rural areas. It has improved employment generated by individuals by marginalized groups to enhance the standard of living of the society. Rajasthan has registered higher growth in women's participation as compared to other states. It is focused on the socio-economic uplifting of rural women in society. MGNREGA has initiated about rural employment of sustainable livelihood allowance. The registered worker of the scheme has provided 15 days of unemployment allowances that are unable to work under the scheme. It is a work-oriented scheme. It is focused on women empowerment and the social upliftment of weaker sections in society under the scheme. MGNREGA is one of the largest rural development programmes implemented in India. The people of rural areas are most affected by the problem of poverty and fewer opportunities to work in their place. The rural people are always suffering from livelihood and income generation. The MGNREGA scheme is provided to be a miracle for the poor in rural areas. The MGNREGA scheme has provided at least 100 days guaranteed wage employment for all who demand work. Women are given a guaranteed one-third share in the total employment.
Product Innovation as a key to Brand Enhancement: An Insight into Consumer Product Companies
Muhammad Naeem & Dr. Abdul Majid
Scholar Centre for South Asian Studies University of the Punjab India
Emerging companies have completely reshaped the landscape of their respective industries within a short period of time by entering the markets with new technologies or radically different approaches to doing business leading to the demise or decline of industry incumbents. Such disruptive innovations are not random acts of nature — there is a pattern to the phenomena. As exponential improvements in information, communications, and artificial intelligence technologies is advancing, they are creating new tools and capabilities and thereby, the pace of innovation is accelerating. The positive feedback from these developments makes the world increasingly transparent and competitive, further accelerating the pace of innovation. From the radical innovations that shake up entire industries to the many small innovations that perfect the execution of already successful organizations, innovation can be treated as a process, one that can be managed and turned into a driver of profits and growth. Consumer product (CP) companies face an ongoing set of challenges to performance, from slowing industry growth, to declining brand loyalty, to the rise of unconventional competitors who play by different rules. While virtually all companies in the world pursue “innovation” as a key driver of growth, very few are actually creating new, viable business offerings that drive value for their customers and share holders. The present paper is an attempt to understand what separates innovation leaders from everyone else, and analyze what these leaders are doing to drive greater returns from innovation and embracing disruptive innovation.
Collaborative Governance in Transforming the Slum Area to Tourism Village in Malang, Indonesia
Jain Islam, Bambang Suprono, Luqman Hakim & Nurmandi Adina
Doctoral Candidate in Doctoral Program of Administration Science, Faculty of Administration Science, Universitas Batang, Indonesia
This research aims to explore the process of establishing Jodipan village as an area for tourism. Previously, Jodipan Village was not a tourism area, the village consisting of a slum by the Brantas River. This descriptive research utilized observation data collection techniques such as documentation and interviews, it used qualitative data analysis with Nvivo 12 plus. The research results indicate that the policy formation process of Jodipan village, as a tourist destination, has been achieved through a collaborative governance program model formulated by a group of students’ from Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, a University in Malang, Indonesia. The project involved several stakeholders, such as PT. Decofresh, the military, mural community, the local community, the student team, the mass media, andcity government officials. In this case, the formulation of the Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan development policy, as a sustainable village tourism, needs to prioritize partnerships among the actors concerned through collaborative governance principles.
Moral Analysis of Teachers and the Students School Selection Criteria for Parents- A theoretical Approach
Muhammad Mainul and Fatima Tulkalam
University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
Moral development of persons is a basic aim of education. According to Islamic teaching success and failure of a person was judged on moral basis in this world and the hereafter. This study focused on analysis of moral reasoning of teachers and the students with respect to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. The target population for this study was teachers and students of secondary schools of district Dera Ghazi Khan. Twenty secondary schools were randomly selected from district Dera Ghazi Khan. Three (03) teachers and ten (10) students from each school will be selected using random sampling method. The total sample size will be60 teachers and 200 students. Data was selected by DIT (defining issue test). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive analysis and chi-square test applied using SPSS. The results revealed that the participants reasoned predominantly at the conventional level of Kohlberg's moral reasoning which found that there is no significant difference between the view of teachers and students towards moral reasoning.
A study on urban local government Financial indicators -With a special reference of Siliguri municipal corporation
Falguni Mohonta
Assistant Teacher in Geography South Bantra Ramkrishna Institution, 184, Belilious Road, Howrah, West Bengal, India
In the context of local government, financial performance indicators are the measurement of service quality as well as how well a council meets its objectives within the resources that it has available. A Financial Performance Indicator for Urban Local Bodies indicates how much progress is being made by ULBs towards fulfilling the planned objectives within the performance context. The context of financial indicators provide the interpretation of the indicator which may include predetermined target, trend in performance and bench marked relative performance of similar councils. This contextual information assists the ULBs to determine performance through comparison with previous performance over time. This implies that consistence is needed to determine Financial Performance Indicators from year to year. As a result, the performance of ULBs can be tracked and checked. In this paper, five financial indicators were used to measure the financial sustainability of Siliguri Municipality Corporation during the study period. A revenue deficit was noticed in the year 2010-11.The study revealed that concern municipality corporation may be face a financial shock in future.
Tourism efficiency in Khunti district of Jharkhand
Krishanu Guha Majumder
Research Scholar, Department of Commerce University of Gour Banga, Malda
According to Hunziker and Krapf” Tourism is the sum total of the phenomena and relationship arising from the travel and stay of non-residents in so far as it does not lead to permanent residence and is not connected to any earning activity.” Now a day the tourism has emerged as one of the world’s largest industries which are not only providing pleasure and enjoyment to the tourists but it provides job opportunities to millions of people .On the other hand, tourism also plays a great role for the development of a zone for the country. It may also create national integration and various kinds of cultural landscapes within the country. Jharkhand is the 28th state of the India and the district of Khunti has been carved out as a new district on 12th September in 2007 from the district of Ranchi, the study region is a part of Chotanagpur plateau in general and especially Ranchi planation surface in particular. The district of Khunti is blessed with the natural beauty of its vast and varied relief and its natural resources. It is a region of unevenness land consisting of a succession of plateau, hills, hillocks, and valleys which are drained by several perennial and non-perennial rivers, viz., Tajna, Kanchi, South-Koel, and Karo etc.A number of waterfalls is found in different parts of the study region. The study area is covered by the dense forest with various types of trees. The climatic conditions are so attractive for the tourists. Here, cool and calm climate is suitable for good health. On the other hand, the district of Khunti has a rich cultural heritage. The area is dominated by different tribal and non-tribal communities are also live together. From the view point of tribal culture, the study area is centre for foreigners and research scholars. Different communities who speak different languages and they celebrates different festivals together throughout the year show the great symbol of unity.
Status of Education among the Muslims of Manipur: Prospects and Challenges
Mohan S.
Research Scholar Department of Social Work, Mangalore University, India
Education is one of the most instrumental tools of sustainable development of any society, individual and community. It can channelize the rural areas to a higher priority basis and platform. To become a knowledge society and community is to develop the essence of higher education explicitly. It is important to remember the words of B. R. Ambedkar, “Education is something which ought to be brought within the reach of everyone. My final word to you ‘Educate, agitate and organize; have faith in yourself’.” In an under-developed state like Manipur, there are many problems faced by the people particularly the Muslim community on a large scale. How this obstacle can be removed is only through explicit higher education. In this seminal piece, an attempt has been made to explore analytically the historical juncture of educational status among the Muslim community of Manipur. Another attempt is being made to examine the problems and challenges faced by the Muslim community in getting higher education in Manipur. Does the state have an ‘inclusive’ and ‘exclusive’ policy in the promotion and developmental works of higher educational institutes belonging to the marginalized communities with special reference to Muslim community? There is much essential to be focused on the roles of state in the promotion of higher educational institute among the marginalized communities particularly the Muslim community in the state. All these fundamental issues with regard to the status of education along with their problems and prospects need to be explored and examined as objectively as possible here.
Environmental protection in the light of Rio declaration in the hill station Darjeeling, West Bengal
Mohammad Gaeeja & Praveen Mishra
Political Science and Public Administration, Vikram University, Ujjain Madhya Pradesh
At the present scenario, Darjeeling is one of the most polluted hill station in India. There are all sorts of pollution responsible for overall environmental degradation experiences by this urban centre. The physical environment, while similar in many respects, has some unique characteristics as it constitutes high and sloping lands, low laying valleys, forests and vegetations of various types as well as river beds and meadows. These unique features of mountain environments tend to be quite sensitive to disturbance and disruption by external factors. Therefore, environmental degradation is an adverse alteration of natural system’s integrity, diversity and productivity. In an ordinary sense, an environmental degradation is a process of degeneration of elements and factors pertaining to the conditions and circumstances of life on the planet earth. Though some British East India Company officials stayed in the village of Darjeeling in 1828 and considered the place suitable for a sanatorium for British soldiers, the remote hilly village might not have turned into a hill city of international repute had the Sikkim Chogyal not imprisoned the British East India Company Director Arthur Campbell and explorer botanist Joseph Dalton Hooker in 1849. This ensured a rescue operation by the British and a renewed interest for this ‘home-like’ territory and by 1866 it came to exist in its present shape and form as a hill station. The overall physical environment in Darjeeling is highly in bad shape. The population explosion particularly in developing country like India as well as unplanned urban expansion and unscientific life style pose the hill people with a great threat.
Assessing the maternal health benefit schemes-a study on Bankura district, West Bengal
Arpan Sen
Department of geography Dumdum Motijheel College, Kolkata India
Reduction of mortality of women is an area of concern for not only South Asian countries like India but for most of the nations globally. The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 had stressed on the immediate task of reducing the maternal mortality and hence improving the health conditions of mothers to-be and their newborns as well by the year 2015. Indian states suffer from high levels of disparity as far as maternal health is concerned measured by the parameters like those beneficiaries covered under government sponsored immunization programmes ,with better encouragement of institutional deliveries and alike. For West Bengal the matter is yet serious because as a whole the state has been categorised ‘high performing’ as far as institutional deliveries and Maternal Mortality Rates are concerned but one of its backward districts; Bankura suffers from huge gap in the target achievement form maternal benefit schemes than actually happens. A geographically rich area containing huge potentials for agro-forestry, suffers from less than adequate number of hospitals and less awareness of the benefit schemes may be due to illiteracy and position of women in their domestic atmosphere. This paper identifies some out of many such problem ‘areas’ of Bankura district in order to plan better for the beneficiaries who are residing in the remote backward regions of the country.
A Study on the problems of first-Generation girl learners of ST and SC group at the secondary schools in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal
P. Mondal & Praveen Mishra
Department Of Education Visva-Bharati
According to John Dewy, “Life is education”. It is in Indian constitution that free and compulsory education must be universalised for all children up to 14 years age. It is questionable enough that whether India has become successful or not to spray this mission to each and every section of our Indian society. First generation girl’s learner of scheduled caste & scheduled tribe of Birbhum district (W.B, India) have been found to face various problems in secondary educational level. That’s why they are lagging hundred steps behind the average level. Here a step has been taken to focus light on those problems in order to find out solutions of those problems through different educational plans.
The level of urbanization in Jalpaiguri district- a Geographical analysis
Meelan Chamling
Assistant master Sainik School Purulia Bankura West Bengal India
The Socio Economic Development and the Growth of urban population over space and time has brought a number of issues to the forefront among which Urbanization holds a Significant place. The level of Urbanization deals with the growing percentage of urban people in a spatial unit. The Urbanization is spreading all over the World. The process includes both the Developmental Opportunities and some Harmful Effects and this is due to unplanned way of Urbanization. The present investigation has been made to analyze the level of Urbanization in Jalpaiguri District, one of the important places of West Bengal and to attain the objective the methodology is based upon the secondary data collection, compilation and finally represent using some cartographic techniques. The level of urbanization in Jalpaiguri District is at acceleration stage. There is an increasing trend of urbanization. The degree of Urbanization and related problems are most important phenomena in entire District. The Urban Geographic Investigation is involved to find out such problems and draw some measures to reduce them and implement some policies for planned Urbanization. The present study will also help in understanding the causes behind the rapid rate of Urbanization as well as Urban Population Growth.
Women vendors of Bhutia market in Siliguri, West Bengal: A socio-economic appraisal of Bhutia community
Praveen Mishra
Assistant Professor Department of Sociology Tripura University India
The study on women has been taken up as a vibrant scope for study. Many aspects of women have been covered up under different heading and has opened up new scope for researchers to come up with empowerment as such has been looked upon with different schemes and prospects of women not only in the urban sector but especially on the women folk from socially disadvantage communities in rural areas are also gaining momentum. This study is also a small attempt in the study of Women vendors of Bhutia Market in Siliguri. The focus of this study is to find more about the women their problem relating to empowerment in a market area and not forgetting their social set and environment differences which has connected them far away from the existing reality. In our country social condition of women is not the same among the various communities living in the country. We have very little bit of knowledge on the social economic life of the Bhutia women vendors. This paper also examines the actual position of Bhutia women in Bhutia Market in Siliguri. The present study may be help to focus of Bhutia women’s life and their position in Siliguri Bhutia Market.
The Kashmir problem since 1989: Causes and Consequences
Suchandra Chanda
Research Scholar The University of Burdwan Golapbag, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India
Kashmir issue has made the region of South Asia the most dangerous place in the world. Within few months of their independence in 1947, India and Pakistan went to war over Kashmir, which divided the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir into two parts: one under Pakistan and the other with India. This division, subsequently, became the bone of contention between them and led three wars and four crises between New Delhi and Islamabad. However, in the late 1980s, Kashmir is themselves started armed struggle against India to liberate Kashmir from its rule. Pakistan promptly backed this movement. The movement got internationalized when the Afghan mujahedeen, after fighting and defeating the Soviet troops in Afghanistan, entered Kashmir. Consequently, Kashmir was caught in the crossfire. Finally, the 25 years long mystery has given birth to a new phase called “Kashmiri intifada”. What were the causes that led the uprising in Kashmir in 1989? Who started the movement? How did the foreign militant organizations use and influence it? How India dealt with the mysterious movement? And How far it impacted and disillusioned the people of Kashmir from both India and Pakistan? These are the questions the paper attempts to answer.
Social exclusions of women in Vaiphei People
Bidhan Saha & Savita Shing
Trimohini P.C.U.M vidyalaya Hili, Dakshin Dinajpur West Bengal.
In this paper an attempt has been made to present how woman excluded in the societal life of the Vaipheis. This paper will present a brief account of the tribe as an introductory part, the general understanding of the meaning of social exclusion, the exclusion of the woman in pre and post Christian era and the changes brought by Christianity to the tribe. The main focus of this paper is to find out the discriminatory practices that constrained the freedom of the women-folk leading to their exclusion in the society and find out social remedy to remove disparity existing between man and woman in Vaiphei society. This paper also will analyse the role of Christianity in transforming the society and as well as status of women in the Vaiphei society.
Social pollution and education to prevent the pollution
Om Prakesh
B B Ambedkar University Lucknow India
The below mentioned article deals with social pollution and the ways to prevent this pollution .this article lays emphasis on the fact that unlike environmental pollution, it dwells in the mind of man and it cannot be cured unless and until man becomes conscious and educated in the truest sense of the term.infact,we anticipate that sometimes the social pollution proves to be more dangerous and alarming than pollution of the environment. Different paragraphs of this article show different dimension of this social disease. Political –social- pollution concerns with the hypocrisy of the politicians who never favor society unless they are benefitted. Reference from lord of the flies in regard to evil nature of man demonstrates how corruption itself is injected in the human psychology instinctively .in the fourth paragraph social pollution is exhibited of late as a more serious issue for modern man does not know what he strives for . Self awareness and consequently spiritual awakening are the factors that may do away with all identity crisis and keep him mentally quiet .this piece also endeavors to portray how modern day’s media often take the shelter of yellow journalism having been bent down before political pressure and economic greed .it finishes with the ultimate prescription i.e. Task of being and making mass aware of the social corruption and taking evasive actions to prevent it without waiting for any miracle to be taken place
Morphological analysis of Contai town, East Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Nasim Aktar Denish
Research Scholar Department of Geography A.M.U. Aligarh, U.P. 202002
Morphology of a town is concerned with the ground build and skyline of the houses . The plan may be internal which concerns with the arrangements of streets and built space or external which concerns with shape and the bird’s eye view of the street patterns developed in a settlement. Morphological character is closely associated to functional character of a place .Morphology is not a matter of historical interest; there are trends in development leading from the past to present. The presumption is that trends obvious at the present time which have been established over the past, will be continued into the future unless positive action is taken to change them. This article made study of evolution of the cultural lands cape of contai town by a systematic investigation of its function. Morphology is dynamic .So morphology of contain town will never be static in future. So the main objective of this article is to shoe the formation of present and systematic development of the town in future and also giving an idea of the areal coverage of the open spaces and parks.
Problems of development of Bamboo based industries in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal
Monu Kumar Sharma
Assistance Professor, Department of Geography, Government College, Meham India
Bamboo provides the base for a broad range of rural and semi-urban cottage industries that provide livelihood for the rural poor, particularly home-based workers in the unorganized sector. By providing off-farm income generation options, these bamboo-based livelihood systems frequently absorb surplus agricultural workers - mainly the rural poor who do not have regular on-farm employment. These industries are mostly household based where the production of commodity takes place in the surroundings of homes and the workers, the so called labours are supplied by the family members only. The craftsmen himself is the proprietor in each unit and is assisted by his own family. An overwhelming number of bamboo-based industries are found in Jalpaiguri district, majority of which are located in the rural area. The industries are suffering from numerous problems. The prevalence of outdated mode of production has hampered the growth and development of the sector. The biggest impediment towards the bamboo based sector from developing has been the irregular supply of bamboo for entrepreneurial use. The study is based on 75 sample units drawn from 29 villages of the district through field survey. The objective the paper is to study the characteristic features of the industries and find out problems of the sector and suggest remedial measures for development.
Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry in Sikkim
Sushil Dutta
Research Scholar, Dept. of Education, Rajiv Gandhi University, Rono, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh (India)
In mid 1970s, Sikkim became a part of India. Sikkim also holds the status of 8th north eastern state of the country. The state is of strategic importance to the India as it shares three international borders with China, Nepal and Bhutan. The economy of the state is heavily dependent on the central government. Because of its location, the state attracts tourist and the tourism industry also grown manifold in recent years. However, the industry also faces lots of problems in the form of frequent landslides, lack of infrastructure development, poor implementation of government initiatives, lack of proper awareness programme etc. The state of Sikkim at the same time has the potential to be the prime tourist destination of the country with lots of bio diversity, scope for eco tourism, adventure tourism, religious tourism etc.Tourism in the State of Sikkim is growing at a rapid pace in a very well thought of and planned manner. Sikkim now has become one of the best sought after hill destinations at the global level. The leadership is very committed and the State Government has been very effective and successful in educating and guiding the people regarding tourism on the basic principle of Sustainable Development. The present study focuses on the dynamics of tourism development and its positive and negative impacts on resources, environment, and local communities. The scope of the survey is to study about the problems and prospects of the tourism industry in the state of Sikkim. The study uses both the primary and secondary data to elicit information. Basically interview methods are adopted for getting information from the respondents.
Causes and Problems of Truancy among the School Children of Tinsukia District (Assam): A Critical Study in Educational Perspective
Sunil Kumar Das
Assistant Professor Department of Management Sikkim Central University
The present study was conducted on Causes and Problems of Truancy among the School Children of Tinsukia District of Assam. The data were collected from a sample of 50 truants and 50 non-truants, 15 class teachers and 15 principals of 15 high and higher secondary schools. The descriptive survey method was used for data collection using (i) Interview Schedule, (ii) Interview Guide and (iii) Case Study Method. The study reported that the truant children were found to indulge in hobbies such as cheap films, smoking, alcoholism, eve teasing, joining gangs, gossiping, friendship with opposite sex, stealing, spending time in parks aimlessly during school hours. The main cause of the truancy is family background and relationship between different members of the family such as relationship between husband and wife, brothers and sisters, attitude of step mother and neighborhood etc. Apart from this attitude especially of father like -giving punishment, strict discipline/ rejection and protection and excessive love by mothers is also reported to be the cause of truancy among children.
Disable population of Manipur: A spatial analysis
Hira Singh, Sandeep Kumar & Raja Kumar
Ph.D scholar, Department of Economics and Ph.D Scholar, Department of Geography Banaras Hindu University
The study area of the present paper is Manipur which is located at 23.830N to 25.680N latitude and 93.030E to 94.780E longitude and primarily based on secondary data, collected from Census of India. The study analysis the Temporal Change in Disable persons 2001 to 2011 and also finds out spatial pattern of disable persons in 2011. Data is analysed with the help of general statistical techniques, and ARC GIS 9.3 software. The spatial pattern of Disable persons have been classified into Low, Moderate, High and Very High categories. In 2011 higher proportion of disable age group 10-19, 20-29 and 30-39. This age group represent 17 percent and 15 percent of total disable persons. The increase of disable population is 0.87 percent in 2011 compared to 2001.
Dynamics of Population Size, Density and Growth in Himachal Pradesh, India
Santosh Kumar Bahera & Savita Shing
M.Phil. Student Department of Geography Maharshi Dyanand University,
The population of Himachal Pradesh has been increasing unabatedly since last four decades. The present paper attempts to analyze the trends in population size, density and its growth in the study area during the study period. The study is based upon secondary data. It discusses the changing scenario of population size, density and growth during the four census years (1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011). The study reveals that the population has been increasing continuously and unevenly from 1980s to 2011. The distribution of population presents an inverse correlation between area and population during the study period, because geographically small districts are supporting more population and vice-versa. The study brings out that population density has also been increased over the period. The density of population also presents an inverse correlation between area and population during the study period, because geographically small districts support more human population and vice-versa. The overall growth of population has registered 60.16% increase between 1981-2011.
Poverty incidence and status of children- a study on different blocks of Birbhum District (West Bengal)
Priya Mondal
Department of geography Research scholar Kolkatta University
Issue of poverty is very much burning in recent in spite of reaching the high phase of modern era in general all over the world. It is because of the fact that there is high degree of disparity in all aspects. However poverty has degraded quality of most of the components associated with our life. Children are leading human age group suffering the condition of poverty. This paper has importance in notifying the probable causes of present status of children in relationship to multiple parameter of poverty in different blocks of Birbhum district.
Effects of flood in economy a case study of Deocharai village in Koch Bihar district, West Bengal, India
Sahajahan Alam
Scholar of Department of Geography, Visva Bharati, Santiniketan
One of the most prominent features of human settlement is man’s affinity for riverside location. Throughout history man has been attracted to the land adjacent to rivers for high fertility of the land due to alluvial deposition by flood. Flood also brings destruction of properties and lives for people who live near the river. In spite of this today a very considerable proportion of the world population lives in such areas. Deochari is an old and big village of the Koch Bihar district. It lies between two large rivers of the district- Torsa-kaljani and Gadadhar and most flood prone area. This paper is trying to present the effects of flood in economy of this village. Data have been collected both primary and secondary sources.
River linking and flood management of Mahananda river basin in West Bengal
Madhusudan Das & Savita Shing
Assistant professor, Department of Geography Mannan College, Kolkatta, West Bengal
Being under the regime of monsoon wind and a peninsular country India is one of the most flood prone nation in the world. As per the Geological Survey of India (GSI), the major flood prone areas of India cover almost 12.5% area of the country. In all flood plains, one single Department must be designated as the Department to maintain sufficient hydraulic data. It is only this data which would enable a demarcation of the chronically flood affected areas and the nature and the change in such areas over time. In all the blocks affected by floods, the exercise to refine the identification of chronically flood affected areas requiring amelioration may be done within the next two years so that a realistic and satisfactory ameliorative programme can be introduced. Crop damage is one of the worst damages caused in floods. An appropriate cropping strategy and other steps have therefore to be adopted in these areas. The obvious pathways would be to popularise suitable flood escaping or flood tolerant cropping system or intensive crop production with irrigation in the flood free months there. Regarding the damage caused to houses, property and infrastructure, strengthening of house structure, raising the level of whole villages or providing ring bunds around villages have been considered as possible alternatives. Each of these alternatives has positive and negative aspects; yet the fact remains that something has got to be done to provide protection to the human settlement. The present author would also like to emphasize the importance of pre-disaster preparedness measures since they can change a major disaster into a minor one and mitigate the suffering of those likely to be affected. There are wide gaps in the hydrological data. No regular information has been maintained about the behaviour of the rivers. The river beds of some of the rivers are reported to have gone up due to reduced velocity of the flood and consequent imprisoned siltation within the channel.
Underground fluoride contamination in drinking water and rural health issues in West Bengal: A study of medical geology
K. Mandal
Department of Geography and Applied Geography University of Bardhaman
The geological environment has a direct impact on the geographical distribution of health problems in different parts of the world. In fact, the geology of an area determines the regional input of elements into soil, air and water and in turn, these inputs, depending on composition, may result in adverse health effects in humans. The problem of contamination of groundwater by fluoride is its living example. The main objective of the study is to present the geological factors and health problems with special reference to fluoride contamination in ground water in India. The findings of the present study are that the problem of high fluoride concentration in groundwater resource has become one of the most important toxicological and geo-environmental issues in different parts of India. The findings also show that the excessive fluoride intake and its related diseases can be checked by providing defluoridated water for drinking purpose, restrict use of fluoride rich food, treatment of the disease, use of rain water and proper health education.
Innovation and firm sustainable advantage: a study of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria
Solomon Adejare Babarinde
Department of Business Administration & Marketing, Redeemer University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
The relationship between innovation and firm’s sustainable advantage in Nigerian Telecommunications Sector is investigated in this study. The study’s aim was to assess the contribution of specific service offerings on firm’s sustainable advantage in the Nigerian Telecommunication Industry. The system of descriptive survey was used. The primary data source was self-administered from 286 respondents who were staff of four randomly selected GSM firms (MTN, GLO, AIRTEL and 9MOBILE) in Lagos State, Nigeria. At a significant level of 0.05, the hypothesis was tested using linear regression. The results of the analyzed data indicate that telecommunication firms’ specific service-offer led to the telecommunication industry’s sustained growth in Nigeria. By this finding, the study concludes that there is a substantial relationship between innovation and firm’s sustainable advantage in the Nigeria’s telecommunication sector. To enjoy increasing market share, it is important that telecom firms build new product-designs. It was further recommended that Nigerian telecom firms should dissociate themselves from product counterfeit and should steer towards developing product offers that are highly innovative in the industry
Investigation about the Relation between Literacy Rate and Sex Ration: A Case Study in Medinipur Mouza, Onda Block, Bankura District
Dipankar Mondal and Mrinmay Mandal
Department of Geography and Environment Management Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102
Education status is a social indicator which signifies a different aspect of societal status. Generally, high literate society has high sex ratio. That means an equal trend will be found in an educated society where a number of male and female may be the same. Does the present study investigate that educational status has any significance on sex ratio? To investigate this statement study uses 2011 census data of 26 villages of Medinipur mouza under Onda block as a case study. This data is analyzed in GIS platform through ArcGIS 10.1 software. After that, a correlation method is applied to know the relation between literacy rate and sex ration status. Correlation analysis suggests that there has no positive relation between literacy rate and sex ration in Medinipur mouza.
Evaluation and analysis of urban master plan (2021) using High Resolution satellite data in Hisar city, Haryana
Sadanand, Ravindra Prawasi, Om Pal, Ritesh Kumar, M.P Sharma
Haryana Space Applications Centre, CCS HAU Campus, Hisar
Urbanization can be defined as a process by which the villages get converted into cities and towns. Urbanization of Hisar city was studied in the context of counter magnetism and master plan of Town & Country Planning, Hisar, Haryana. This study also entails the role of migration in urbanization process and its long term impact on the development of a city and its stability. Hisar is a centre point in terms of resource, facility and infrastructure availability in western Haryana. Hisar city which covers an area of approximately 9355 hectares and situated almost 180 km away from Delhi-NCR region demands more developmental efforts from the authorities responsible, so that it can be effectively used as a counter magnet city.An analysis of the LULC for 2011 and 2016 of the study area shows that there is decrease in agriculture land and increase in built-up area during this period. With the increase of population in this region there is also increase in educational institutions, industries leading to traffic congestion, sewage problem and other environmental issues. The infrastructure study of Hisar city in conjunction with 2011 census data gave way to classification and mapping of the city into low, medium and high density residential areas and their distribution.Maps of population density, household, household density, ward occupancy and functional classification maps were also prepared on the basis GIS analysis done on various dataset created and procured. After analyzing the present satellite data in comparison to the Master Plan 2021 of the city by the Town and Country Planning Department, Hisar, Haryana, Construction of southern by-pass has been completed via OP Jindal Marg, which was actually proposed to pass nearby the Gangwa village according to master plan. This study also found that the proposed road, New Hisar Path, connecting deer park (Hisar airport) and NH10 is still incomplete. The study revealed that area in central business district and market place is very dense due to cloth and auto market.
Occupational Management System of sustainable Resources in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria
Godwin A. Nwogu
Department of Educational Management and Business Studies Faculty of Education Federal University Oye-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
This study investigates occupational health and safety management system compliance in Padank resources Nigeria limited in Rivers State, Nigeria. Six research questions guided the study. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Proportionate sampling technique was used to select 416 respondents from the total population of 832 employees in Padank resources Nigeria limited in Rivers State, Nigeria. A research instrument tagged “Occupational Health and Safety Management System Compliance Scale” (OHSMSCS) with r = .76 was used for data collection. Completed and retrieved 414 copies of questionnaire were analyzed using frequency count, percentage, and mean statistics. Results showed that the company do not inspect first aid room periodically and also do not always make the ambulances ready for emergencies; do not learn relevant laws and regulations of OHSMS during training; do not have evacuation routes in case of emergencies; do not adequately comply with the formulated regulations; and do not effectively implement the findings and recommendations from audit within required time. The study therefore, recommended among others that safety inspections should be conducted in the workplace at regular intervals so that changes in operations or procedures will be properly scrutinised in order to identify any trends relating to workplace incidents. Also, training programmes that will specify the relevant laws and regulations of OHSMS must always be conducted so that management and employees will understand the importance of establishing safe working procedures and how to do so.
Covid-19 Social Responsibility and SS-3 Students Attitude Towards Mathematics and Physics in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria
Ibok Ekpenyong Effiong Ntibi, Joseph Effiom-Edem
Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar-Nigeria
This study was conducted to establish the relationship between COVID-19’s social responsibility and Secondary School 3 (SS-3) students’ attitude towards Mathematics and Physics in Calabar Metropolis of Cross River State, Nigeria. Two hypotheses were formulated to direct the study. Correlation survey research design was adopted for the study. A total sample of 1,100 SS-3 students out of 9,756 students was selected from 24 public secondary schools for the study using stratified and proportionate, simple random sampling procedures. One instrument was used, for data collection; namely: Questionnaire titled “COVID-19’s Social Responsibility and SS-3 Students’ Attitude towards Mathematics and Physics.” The reliability estimate of the questionnaire was established through Cronbach Alpha reliability estimate method which ranges from .70 and .74. These estimates having met the criterion for reliability thus warranted the use of the instrument for the study. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was the statistical technique adopted to test the hypotheses at .05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that, hand washing practices, social distancing significantly relate with students’ attitude towards Mathematics and Physics in Cross River State. Based on these findings, it was recommended that social responsibility should be encourage and enforce to spur students to develop positive attitude towards Mathematics and Physics.
Climate Change Awareness, Environmental Education and Gender Role Burdens Among Rural Farmers of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria
Eneji, Chris-Valentine Ogar, Onnoghen, NkanuUsang, Eneyo, OkonEyo & Acha, Joseph Odama2
University of Calabar, Nigeria
This paper examined climate change awareness level among rural farmers of Northern Cross River State, Nigeria, the strategies adopted for mitigating, prevention and adaptation, gender role burden between men and women due to the effects of climate change and the roles Environmental Education can play in privation, mitigation and adaptation of farmers to climate change effects in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Five questions guided the study. Two sets of instruments were used for data collection, a sample of 1258 respondents were selected for the study. Result analyzed using simple percentage and independent t-test revealed that rural farmers have some level of climate change awareness, 6 out of 9 strategies listed were being used by the rural farmers, women have increased workload burden than men, while Environmental Education can play very significant role in climate change prevention, mitigation and adaptation among rural farmers in Northern Cross River. Environmental Education should be carried to the rural setting to create the needed awareness, knowledge and skills to combat climate change effects.
Collaborative Governance in Transforming the Slum Area to Tourism Village in Malang, Indonesia
Jainuri Bambang Supriyono Luqman Hakim Suryadi Achmad Nurmandi
Indonesia
This research aims to explore the process of establishing Jodipan village as an area for tourism. Previously, Jodipan Village was not a tourism area, the village consisting of a slum by the Brantas River. This descriptive research utilized observation data collection techniques such as documentation and interviews, it used qualitative data analysis with Nvivo 12 plus. The research results indicate that the policy formation process of Jodipan village, as a tourist destination, has been achieved through a collaborative governance program model formulated by a group of students’ from Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, a University in Malang, Indonesia. The project involved several stakeholders, such as PT. Decofresh, the military, mural community, the local community, the student team, the mass media, andcity government officials. In this case, the formulation of the Kampung Warna Warni Jodipan development policy, as a sustainable village tourism, needs to prioritizepartnerships among the actors concerned through collaborative governance principles.
Changing land use pattern of Siliguri Municipal Corporation using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques, West Bengal
Ivana Hoque & Prof. Sushma Rohatgi
West Bengal, India
The changes in the land use and land cover are detected and measured by using RS GIS techniques on 30 meter landsat satellite data. To detect and interpret the land use transformation, GIS and remote sensing are combined as a vital tool for the analysis and investigation of spatio temporal data. Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) is undergoing significant demographic growth and economic development and hence experiencing rapid urban expansion and land use changes. The study analyze the spatial variation of land use changes in SMC area over a 27 years period using landsat imageries of three different years. These tools will help the planners and community governments to ensure landscape planning decisions in more sustainable process.
Spatio temporal changes in the numbers of cows and its milk and manure production in Latur district
Shaikh M. D. & Dr.Suryawanshi M. V.
Department of Geography, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad: 431004 India
Man is dependent on animals and it depends on plants and animals from historical periods. From last 12000 to 15000 years ago man doing the livestock or animal husbandry occupation. Nearly 3 to 4% GDP is gets from animal husbandry occupation. Peoples of India, Maharashtra and Latur district are doing this animal husbandry occupation for milk, meat, manure. Cows are considered holy by Hindus in India. They were beloved animal of Lord Krishna and they work as a symbol of abundance, wealth, and strength. They deliberate Cow as adobe of 33 crore Hindu Gods Cow is measured as holy in Hindu religion.Present study generally depends on the secondary data. Collected through District statistical Department, Censes handbook of Osmanabad DistrictLivestock censes 1997,2003,2007,2012. Mean objective of this research paper is Spatio temporal changes in the numbers of Cows and its milk and Manure production in Latur district. .
Spatial Aeolotropy of UII based buffer gradient analysis on urban sprawl of two metropolitan cities of Kerala
Jayalakshmy S.S, Dr T.K. Prasad & Mereena C.S
Kerala, India
Urbanization is integrally connected to three pillars of sustainable development:economic development, social development and environment protection. Haphazard urban expansion leads to rapid sprawl, pollution and environmental degradation together with unsustainable production and consumption pattern. A comprehensive assessment and proper methodology are inevitable for urban planning. This study is to identify spatiotemporal trends of urban expansion and intensity intwo Metropolitan cities: Thiruvananthapuram and Cochin city region (Kerala), To measure the magnitude and pace of urban growth and Urban proportional Index (UPI)and Urban Intensity Index (UII) were developed.GIS based buffer analysis was adopted in this study. Each buffer zone was employed as a basic spatial unit to characterize distance dependent urban growth behaviour with their UPI and UII values for a given time period. The results indicate that two distinct phases of urbanization are discernible in these. The trends in Urban behaviour of Thiruvananthapuram and Cochin are to be given grave concern and study being the administrative as well as commercial capital of Kerala state respectively.
The situation of sanitation in India: an overview on environmental and health issues
Sk Ajim Ali
Research scholar of Geography Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) India
The present study is an attempt to overview on the situation of sanitation facility in India from an environmental viewpoint by especially emphasizing on effects on human health. With a population of 1.21 billion, India is the most populous country in the world. While keeping one of the most populous countries, India occupying the second place in the world just after China and accounting for 16.7% of the world population but India accounts for only 2.42% of the total world area. The density of population per sq.km in India was 77 person/ sq.km in 1901, which is risen to 382 person/ sq.km in 2011. When talk about individual state, Bihar and West Bengal hold a population density of 1106 person/ sq.km and 1028 person/ sq.kn respectively. From the above population statistics of India as a developing country it is easily say that basic problems related to sanitation already existed. The generation of human’s waste in India is in alarming stage. So, a necessary emphasize must be given towards Sanitation situation. The term ‘Sanitation’ is connected with keeping places clean and healthy to live in it especially by removing human’s waste. NSS report asserted that 32% rural households have their own toilets and less than half of Indian households have a toilet at home. This report also asserted that billion of people in the world who defecate in open place and more than 50% of them reside in India. Many policies has failed to implement to face such problems and as the result of such overcrowding and poor sanitation led towards disease, low quality of life and many health impacts. On an average in India, the per capita waste generation rate is between 220 to 870 gm/ day and it is varies depending upon the topographical and regional location, life style, size of city etc. if the solid waste, waste water and other human generated mixed waste are not planned for safe and healthy disposal, the situation become more worse to environments and led towards more poor sanitation. In carrying out the study, secondary source of data is highly used from different governmental sources. One of the key objectives of this study is to highlight on present sanitation situation in India with special references to environmental aspects and health issues.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral group counseling for depression and anxiety among the elder people in Ethiopia
Dr. Mohan S. Singhe, Liranso Gebreyohannes Selamu , Beza Getachew Woldemarim
Specialization Mangalore University
The study examined whether Cognitive Behavioral Group Counseling (CBGC) is effective in addressing psychological problems of elders in Talita orphans, girls and the aged support organization (TOGASO). Eighty four participants aged 60-85 selected purposefully based on inclusion criteria were randomly assigned into the control and treatment groups each with 24 participants. The research design was a randomized treatment and controlled pre-test and post-test experimental design. Two standardized scales, namely, geriatric depression scale (GDS), and geriatric anxiety inventory (GAI) were used to measure the dependent variables at two occasions: pre-test and post-test. Participants in the treatment group received CBGC for six weeks, three days per week, 1:00-1:20 hours per session for a total of 12 sessions. Results of independent t-test indicated that there was statistically significant difference between treatment group and control group during the post-test at 0.05 level of significance (df = 46, t=4.397, p < 0.01) in depression scores and also in anxiety there was statistically significant difference between control group and treatment group during the post-test at 0.05 level of significance (df =46, t=4.397, p<0.01). Finally, the result indicated that cognitive behavioral group counseling was effective in treating depression and anxiety among the elderly. From these results it was suggested that the application of CBGC has to be expanded to address psychological problems of elders in more other organizations or settings.
Status of development in different blocks of Jalpaiguri district
Mr.Sunanada Das
Assistant Teacher of Geography Bhatibari high School Jalpaiguri
Jalpaiguri is one of the most backward districts of west Bengal where poverty is a barrier to development. Generally poverty is measured by Below Poverty Line (BPL) indices in rural areas. Below poverty line is an economic bench mark and poverty threshold used by the government of India to indicate economic disadvantage and to identify individuals and households in need of government assistance and aid. Poverty refers to the condition of not having the means to afford basic human need such as clean water, nutrition care, clothing and shelter. This paper is attempted to study the poverty status with some remedial measures.
Folk resource utilization and sustainability of rural livelihood: an inquiry on Purulia Chhau mask making art in Chorda village, Baghmundi C. D. Block, Purulia district
Ayanika Sarkar, Biswaranjan Mistri
The University of Burdwan
Human culture is produced and reproduced by interaction of man and environment. Cultural aspect becomes resource when it meets the needs of man. Folk art tradition has continuously been recreated and regenerated from one generation to another by the concerned community due to change in livelihood and perception of aesthetic environment. By this way, the folk art tradition becomes a folk resource of man-environment symbiosis and the culture based folk resource utilization helps in sustaining the life and livelihood of the people. Among many regional masked folk dances of West Bengal, Purulia Chhau dance of Purulia District is characterized by the most elegant and gorgeous masks. The masks of Purulia Chhau is not only an essential part of the dance but also have gained popularity as a separate work of art. The paper pulp mask is mainly made up by a community, called, Sutradhars who have been basically engaged in the profession by generation after generation. This field based empirical investigation has highlighted the dynamics of mask-making art in the context of global consumerism and changing nature of the concerned community through the arduous door to door survey.
A temporal analysis of changing land use pattern and cropping intensity in Mahamaya Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh
Dr. Mumtaj Ahmad, Pasarul Islam
Department of Geography, AMU, Aligarh
In the present paper an attempt has been made to analyse the general land use pattern and to outline the temporal changes of land use pattern and cropping intensity and examine the relationship between changing land use pattern under various categories with cropping intensity in the region. The study is based on secondary sources of data obtained from Census of India (2011) and Sankhyikiya Patrika (SP) published by Economics & Statistical Division (ESD), Government of Uttar Pradesh 2001 & 2014. Blocks have been taken as the unit of study. Pie diagrams as well as bar diagrams have been prepared to show the land use pattern and cropping intensity of the district. Correlation between changing land use pattern and cropping intensity has been made by using SPSS software. After analysis, we found that there is shrinking of fallow land, barren land and forest toward area under non agriculture use land which reflects bad impression on cropping intensity. Thus, it is the intensification of crop on limited land resource to meet demands of food for the fastest growing population of India.
A statistical analysis among the intensity of cropping with other parameters of jalpaiguri districts West Bengal
Sunanda Das
Assistant Teacher of Geography Bhatibari High School (XII) Jalpaiguri
The main objective of this study are to analyses the extent of intensification of agriculture in Terai-Doors region of Jalpaiguri district, to find out the extent of agriculture and find out the factors responsible for increasing the intensity of cropping. The analysis reveals that there is a block wise variation in the intensity of cropping and it is high where density of population is high, but a whole it is found to be low in the whole region. Therefore, all kinds of efforts should be made to increase the intensity of cropping in the region in order to achieve higher level of agricultural production and productivity.
A study on basic economic activities based on the east Kolkata wetland
Shovon Kumar Pal
Department of Geography Calcutta University West Bengal, India
Wetlands play a great role in flood control, treatment of waste water, reduction of sediments, control of pollution, Protect uplands from erosion, Increase water quality, Provide setting for recreation, Moderate local climate, Recharge groundwater and Produce various types of fishes and organic matter. These wetlands have been existing for more than one hundred years, a lasting tradition of disposal and utilization of urban waste in agricultural field and fisheries. The local people have employed a remarkable system of nature to help to meet the basic needs. The East Kolkata Wetlands are used to recycle all the garbage and pollutants. Fulfils substantially the requirement of fish, vegetables and food-grains in the city, maintain the delicate ecological balance in a fragile environment and ecosystem. Provide the food chain and waste-to-wealth recycling. Fulfil substantially the requirement of fish, vegetables and food-grains in the city. Absorb and treat urban solid, sewage, wastewater, air waste generated, in the most efficient, economical and natural way. Provide livelihood support for local villagers who also have the unique skill of using wastewater to grow fish and vegetables and thereby help to sustain a stable urban fringe.This study has analyzed the causes of economic activities based on the East Kolkata Wetlands. This paper is concerned with the economic activities of the wetlands and how its impact has changed the urban economy and the urban environment. Many of the urban poor live in wetlands areas and are deprived of various basic needs. The East Kolkata Wetlands are consists of 264 operating Fisheries / Bheris and vast agricultural field which are the most economic prosperous zone in future. So this study proves that the East Kolkata Wetlands provide the various basic needs of poor dwellers.
A study on socio-economic disparities in Barpeta district of Assam, India
Ms.Merry Choudhury
Research scholar Department of Geography Gauhati University
The variations of all demographic characteristics have directly or indirectly been dependent upon the socio-economic development of a region. The study of social characteristics of populations includes a number of elements, which is generally viewed as a basic ingredient of social component influencing economic development. In the district there exist notable spatial variations. As study thus framed is to analyze the existing socio-economic characteristics of the population. The present study is an attempt to provide information and extend examination of variation and problems relating to population in the perspectives of relating to population in the perspectives of regional development and planning in the Barpeta district. The study holds both the subjective and objective assessments. The present district of Barpeta cover an area of 3245 sq. km, within the Indo-Bhutan Border in the north, the district of Nalbari in the east, the part of Kamrup district in the south and the Bongaigaon district in the West. The study area lies between the parallels of 2605/ and 26051/ N and 90020/E and 91038/E meridians. The total population of the district now stands at 16,47,201 with an average density 508 persons per sq.km. as per 2001 census.
Developmental projects and Environmental Justice struggles in Odisha: A study on protest movements against developmental projects
Mr.Braja Kishore Sahoo
INDIA
The state continues to be the key institution around which struggles for environmental justice in India are articulated. Its dominant role in the economy and its hierarchical, authoritarian and legitimate role as arbiter of rights and resources, the violation of its own environmental laws or acts in ways inimical to environmental justice has been protected by indigenous people. In my paper, I draw on the theme of the protest movements against developmental projects which are rooted in the livelihood and survival of the common people and the violation of human rights. The threats of displacement, loss of livelihood, alienation from their own surroundings are catalysts for this strand of the movement. Based on this perspective, I discuss how the main aim of these environmental justice struggles in Odisha are based around the re-scaling of development projects to the local level, the defense of common property resources and the restoration of participatory, community based forms of environmental management.
Fluoride contamination of underground water and health hazard in Nasipur village of Birbhum district (WB) - A case study
Priyabrata Mondal
Designation: Research Scholar Department Of Geography Visva-Bharati
Water is life. Human being can not survive with out water. Water is needed for drinking, taking bath, washing, irrigation and for building purpose. Of all these, drinking purpose is most sensitive because drinking water must be purified from the viewpoint of health. Nextly, water used for irrigation must also be well balanced mineralised. Underground water is such a source which is equally important for both these purposes. Fluoride is a compound remains in a certain amount in water. Fluoride compound (F ¯ ) is necessary for a certain content to eradicate the dental caries. It does harden the tooth and bones. The normal level of fluoride in underground water is 1 or 1.5 mg. per litre. World Health Organization (WHO) guideline value and the permissible limit of fluoride as per Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) is 1.5 mg/L. Crossing this limit fluoride contaminates the water. If that water is used for drinking purpose then health hazard may occur. This health hazard is known as fluorosis. Person once attacked by this never is cured from this. Patients lost their ability to do work. “The Nasipur is the first place to report cases of fluorosis in West Bengal. The village is located in Nalhati Block-I of Birbhum district” (Chatterjee, 2004). It is in interest to us to find out the problems of fluoride affected people of Nasipur village and to find out the alternative measures to solve this in conclusion part.
Intelligence quotient as predictor of creativity among some higher secondary school students
Dr. S.Chandrasekaran
INDIA
This study investigated how Intelligence Quotient predicts general level of creativity and different components of creativity; Personality, Fluency, Originality, Flexibility and Creativity motivation among some higher secondary school students in Chennai and Tiruvallur district of Tamil Nadu state, India. A total of six hundred students were randomly selected from 15 schools in each district, 20 students in each schools total 30 schools the state to participate in the study. Two instruments were used to collect data they are: Student’s Intelligence Test (SIT), and Students Creative Assessment Scale (SCAS). Data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Intelligence Quotient (I.Q) accounted for 9% 0f variance in creativity (R2=0.90) this percentage is statistically significant. Also, I.Q should be considered in selecting students for tasks that involve creativity.
Problems of development of bamboo based industries in Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal
Nuruzzaman Kasemi
Associate Professor Department of Geography Birpara College, P.O. Birpara, Dist. Jalpaiguri (WB)
Bamboo provides the base for a broad range of rural and semi-urban cottage industries that provide livelihood for the rural poor, particularly home-based workers in the unorganized sector. By providing off-farm income generation options, these bamboo-based livelihood systems frequently absorb surplus agricultural workers - mainly the rural poor who do not have regular on-farm employment. These industries are mostly household based where the production of commodity takes place in the surroundings of homes and the workers, the so called labours are supplied by the family members only. The craftsmen himself is the proprietor in each unit and is assisted by his own family. An overwhelming number of bamboo-based industries are found in Jalpaiguri district, majority of which are located in the rural area. The industries are suffering from numerous problems. The prevalence of outdated mode of production has hampered the growth and development of the sector. The biggest impediment towards the bamboo based sector from developing has been the irregular supply of bamboo for entrepreneurial use. The study is based on 75 sample units drawn from 29 villages of the district through field survey. The objective the paper is to study the characteristic features of the industries and find out problems of the sector and suggest remedial measures for development.
Social exclusion and health deprivation of Dalits and Tribes in Karnataka India
Prakash Marpady, Liranso G. Selamu, Dr. Mohan S. Singhe
Karnataka, India
This paper examines the linkages between caste and social exclusion in health domain. In country like India, people from certain groups have been excluded from the mainstream society just because of their caste and social identity. The scheduled castes and tribes are been excluded from the health services and subject to the deprivation. Here researchers made an effort to explain the notion of social exclusion and how it has nexus with health indicators of SCs and STs. Study has compiled data from National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-III) of 2005-06. Three major indicators of reproductive and child health have been considered to analyze the phenomena. As an outcome of cross-tabulation and analysis, it was found that there is a strong association between social identity and health care service utilization. SCs/STs are lagging behind as compare to other social groups. Women and children from these groups denied to health care services that made them more vulnerable to the health.
Indoor air pollution from biomass combustion and acute respiratory infections in children under 5 year: a case study of rural household in Cooch Behar district.
Mr. Keshab Mondal
Assistant Professor Department Of Geography Cooch Behar College Cooch Behar West Bengal
The solid biomass is a common source of fuel, which is broadly used for cooking in rural households of developing countries of the world. The most of solid biomass fuels are wood, agricultural crops and dung cake etc which are the highly polluted fuel as well as the main source of indoor air pollution in rural areas. The present study was carries out for impact of solid biomass fuel combustion on children under 5 year. It is found that most of diseases are generated from indoor polluted air such as bronchitis, tuberculosis, asthma, eye irritation, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and skin infections, joint pain other respiratory diseases etc. The result depicts a clear correlation between acute respiratory infections in children under 5 years and solid biomass combustion in rural areas of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal. Ultimately the rural household of Cooch Behar District in West Bengal which is experiencing various types of respiratory infections in children below five year represent itself in the paper as a victim of such health degradation due to solid biomass combustion in rural cooking and seeks some remedial measures for declining the problems.
A Canvassing demographic dissemination in Assam: A study of Hindus, Muslims and Christians
Keemee Das
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Don Bosco University, Assam, India
Demographic characteristics can be summarised as the reflection of human population of any region in terms of their size, structure and development. Demographic pattern and changing religious composition of population are to a great extent influenced by individuals’ demographic behaviour and self determination. The population dynamics among different religious groups of Assam is changing rapidly. Various parameter are responsible for such changes in the structure and composition of the mass. Thus in this backdrop, the present paper deals with the determinants of demography and their complex relationships with other social, economical, historical and geographical aspects that contour the religious mosaic of the state. The paper also tries to investigate the changing demographic scenario and religious composition of Assam in terms of annual, decadal and exponential growth of population on the spatio-temporal manner. On studying the issue, it has been found that that the people practicing different religion are distributed unevenly throughout the districts and regions of Assam. Also it is found that there is a steep decadal growth in the population among all the religious groups of Assam, however the religious composition across the state has not changed in the recent years. The study also show that annual exponential growth rate of population among the Hindu, Muslim and Christian religion in Assam for the period of 1991-2001 accounts for 1.4%, 2.6 % and 2.8% and for the period of 2001-2011 exhibits 1.04%, 2.6% and 1.6% respectively.
Vocational zing education in Nigeria: Challenges and enhancement strategies
Ewa Liza & Orim Mustafa
Department of Special Education Faculty of Education, University of Calabar Calabar-Nigeria
The study examined challenges and enhancement strategies for the vocationalization of education in Nigeria. To achieve this, two research questions were asked and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study was carried out in Nigeria. Descriptive survey research design was used for the study. The study used a sample of 300 respondents comprising162 male and 138 female vocational educators purposively selected from public Universities in the six (6) geo-political zones of Nigeria. A triangulation technique involving mixed methods of data collection, that is, use of a structured questionnaire and focused group discussions was adopted for the study. The instruments were face validated by three experts in the field of vocational education with a reliability coefficient of 0.74 obtained through Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. Data collected was analyzed using weighted mean, standard deviation and independent t-test statistic from SPSS version 20 to answer the research questions and test the null hypotheses at p>.05. The study identified thirteen (13) challenges and eleven (11) strategies that could enhance the vocationalization of education. It was recommended that the identified challenges be addressed squarely and enhancement strategies adopted by government to ensure that education in Nigeria is fully vocational zed.
Framework for Accommodating Repatriated Migrant Workers of Odisha in Economic Activities at their Native Places
Bhaskar Chatterjee
Research Scholar Political Science, Gauhati University
Pandemic owing to Covid-19 has put its toll across the communities irrespective of the geographical boundaries they belong to, but it has made the lives of migrant workers in India wretched. While starvation and sufferings are very common to all the migrant workers of India during the pandemic, its impact has been resulted in costing lives of some of them. Intolerable pain has insisted most of the migrant workers to return to their native places. Inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector has been a crucial point of concern for the respective state governments. State of Odisha is not an exception to this worry. It has been putting all its efforts to accommodate all the repatriated migrant workers in economic activities of the rural sector of the state. However, the value paradox stands still as migration was the outcome of not accommodating the rural population effectively in their native places, but how this rural economy will accommodate the returnee migrants now. A meticulous framework coined with the governmental efforts may address the paradox. Thus, the objective of this paper is to design a road-map for accommodating repatriated migrant workers in the rural sector efficiently by way of content analysis.
Nocturnal patronage to hotel and recreational spots: empirics of Calabar metropolis, Cross river state, Nigeria
Eja Charles
Department of Tourism Studies, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Historically, nocturnal activities have been antithetical to daytime. It has been characterized by several socio-economic activities. With the emergence of several nocturnal recreational activities, there is evidence of the ban on curfew to hotels and recreational hotspots in Calabar. The study therefore, seeks to unravel the pattern of nocturnal patronage to hotels and recreational spots in Calabar, with comparison between diurnal and nocturnalactivities. Data for this study were sourced through primary and secondary means. Instruments for data collection included: 384 questionnaires administered to sampled respondents, while Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was conducted in five selected night clubs and open recreational hubs and Key Informant Interview (KII) was conducted with managers of hotels and recreational spots. Furthermore, the independent t-test analysis shows that there is a significant difference in nocturnal moblility pattern to hotels and recreational spots in the study area. There is a significant difference in the patronage level to HRS during nocturnal hours (night time) than diurnal hours (day timein ) in Calabar south and municipality. It was therefore recommended that operators of hotels and recreational spots should replicate most nocturnal activities during diurnal hours to attract customers traffic and patronage. Government should collaborate with hotels and recreational spots proprietors and beef up security architecture of the area to boost patronage during nocturnal period mostly in identified crime flash points.
Stories in Ecotourism: How to sustainable develop tourism destination, Case study of Rammang-Rammang karst
Edidis
Doctoral Candidate, Media and Communication Program Bahir Dar University
Storytelling represents a story or myth about a tourist destination. Travellers have stories about objects, and they become the Storyteller of the objects visited. This article aims to explore the use of travellers to the objects visited and how their knowledge becomes storytelling. The tourist destination that is the object of study is the karst tourist destination Rammang-Rammang, a place in the Karst mountain cluster Maros-Pangkep Indonesia. This paper will use a myth theory as a communication system in creating stories against an object. The results of this study showed that elements are forming the stories Rammang-Rammang as the attraction of ecotourism, namely living culture Rammang-Rammang, mangrove trees, Nipah palm, rivers, boats, karst, caves, Empang and house Traditional Bugis. Tourists can tell stories (myths) from the elements of the stories. Tourists as storyteller against Rammang-RammangEcoutirisme as a media promotion of tourism. Tourists, as storyteller promotes objects visited.
Happiness among the elderly: A systematic review protocol
Kallummal Mahapatra
Department of Economics and Sociology, COBSH, Punjab Agril., University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Background Happiness is an essential tag for happy aging. It has been the purpose of a substantial number of investigations. An adequate social support scheme and living in an enduring bond can attenuate the dissolution of well-being among elderly. This review would help to compile evidence on the level of happiness among the aged. More importantly, the outcomes will support to develop tactics for magnifying the satisfaction among the elderly that could be tested in the succeeding research proposals. The objective of the review is to collate the evidence available on happiness among the elderly. Methods and design This protocol has been established according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocol (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines. We will merge validated search filters in databases like Pubmed, Cochrane Library, BMJ, DAOJ, and Clinical Key. The studies, including subjects of 60 years and over will be incorporated in the review. Non-original data (narrative reviews, editorials, letters, or erratum), book chapters, letters, conference abstracts, protocols, and ongoing studies will be excluded. A two-phase strategy will be adopted for selecting the studies. In the first phase, titles and abstracts will be scrutinized for inclusion. In the second phase, full manuscripts of all the studies qualified in step one will be obtained. Selection criteria will be applied to each of these studies, and valid studies will be included for final data extraction. Discussion The systematic review will present a detailed overview of the level of happiness among the elderly. The findings can improve the recommendations on the policies to be developed to support the elderly and their well-being. The conclusions can progress the social systems to become more senior citizens friendly, and comprehensive research could be carried out to check for its effectiveness in enhancing aged contentment.
Seasonal Variation of Phytosociology of Free Floating Macrophytes at MaguriMotapung Wetland in Assam, India
Lahon Goswami
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, Gauhati University
The present study has been undertaken in the freshwater ecosystem of MaguriMotapung wetland in Assam, India. The major aim of the study is to estimate the seasonal variation ofphytosociological characteristics of free-floating aquatic plants viz. density, relative density, frequency, relative frequency, abundance as well as relative abundance. During the whole study periods, only three free-floating aquatic plants were identified in the study site namely EichhorniaCrassipes, Pistia, and SalviniaNatans. The macrophytes samples were collected both summer and winter season. The phytosociology of these plant species has highly fluctuated seasonally with the changing of rainfall and temperature. The maximum species richness, as well as diversity, has been noticed during the summer season.
A Comparative Analysis of Entrepreneurial Growth Expectations between India and Ethiopia
Unimke Apologi
Department of Social Science Education, University of Calabar, Calabar-Nigeria
As a strategy of economic growth entrepreneurship can be successful only if it is duly imparted and conscientiously induced. The peculiarity of adequate literature that assesses difference between growth expectation of entrepreneurs in Ethiopia and India motivated the researcher to conduct this comparative study. Hence, this research aimed at compares the growth expectation of entrepreneurs of these two developing economies. Research followed a descriptive research design to successful achieve the objectives of the research. Research utilized the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) index of adult population dataset collected with the help of adult population survey (APS) of entrepreneurial growth expectations and various statistical tools were used to analyze the GEM data. The analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS version 20.The major finding of the study reveals that Ethiopian entrepreneurs has more perceived opportunities as compared to India and Ethiopia population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or owner-manager of a new business shows comparatively stronger situation than India. There is commonality between growth expectations of entrepreneurs in these countries. The study recommends and underscores the importance of determinants that facilitate cooperation and collaboration among Indian and Ethiopian entrepreneurs. Stakeholders, particularly the government, need to give undivided attention and support to institutions bestowed with the task of facilitating collaboration among the entrepreneurs.
Globalisation and the politics of economic and social development in Africa
Shashi Kapoor
Assistant Professor Bule Hora University, Ethiopia
Globalisation, though seen as the catalyst for social and economic development across the globe, its over bearing influence on national economies particularly in Africa and the rest of other developing economies has led to compromising national sovereignty, institutions of governance, moral rectitude and the plunging of the entire global community into sharp divide between the North and the South with the North having superior advantage over the south as a result of its technological strength. In this paper, the authors identified globalisation as a phenomenon used by advanced democracies to hold on to the control of international economies at the expense of developing worldthrough its strong institutions: political, economic, socialand cultural. Data for this study was gathered through primary and secondary sources. Primary sources were through structured oral interview and focus group discussion while secondary sources was from documented sources. Data was qualitatively analysed from 30 respondents drawn from 3 Departments in the University of Calabar – Departments of Political Science, Economics and Social Science Education. The major finding of the study revealed that globalisation has great positive and negative impact on social and economic development in Africa.
Personality patterns and achievement motivation as predictors of bullying in second cycle primary schools students of Woldia town, North Wollo , Amhara National Regional State
Bashiru Sindhu
Department of International Relations, Admiralty University of Nigeria
The study attempted to examine forms of bullying behavior and the relationship among personality patterns, achievement motivation and bullying behavior. A correlation design and was conducted on 204 students from three randomly selected primary schools in Woldia District, National Regional State of Amhara, Ethiopia. Based on peer recommendations, these 204 students were listed as bullying offenders with different positions (bullies, assistants, and reinforcers). Data were collected using close-ended questionnaires on the personality, motivation for the achievement and level of bullying of the respondents. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to assess the combined, the independent, and the interactive effect of achievement and personality on bullying. Forms of bullying behavior in the study area were physical-verbal (P+V), physical-relational (P+R), verbal-relational (V+R) and physical-verbal-relational (P+V+R) forms of bullying. Results of multiple linear regression showed that personality and achievement motivation clarified 43.1 percent of the variation in bullying in their relationship taken together.
Assessing Major Determinants, Effects And Control Measure Of Mendifa Wetland Degradation In Silte Zone, Southrn Ethiopa
Mohammed Pukulu
Department of Natural Resources Management, Werabe University, Ethiopia
Wetlands are unique landscapes which provide services constantly during dry and wet season of the year. However, they are the most threatened landscape by adverse human activities. So, this study was conducted to assess major determinants, effects and control measure of Mendifa wetland degradation in Silte zone, Southern Ethiopia. For this study both primary and secondary data were used. In order to collect primary data; household survey focus group discussion field observation and key informants were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistic of SPSS version 20 and MS Excel version 2007. The result shows that local communities in the study area has higher awareness on the direct values of wetland but low awareness on the indirect values of wetland. This study found the major determinants of Mendifa wetland degradation which includes improper agricultural activities, settlement expansion, overgrazing, deforestation and sand extraction. Through these improper agricultural activities and settlement expansion are the major drivers of wetland degradation in the study area. In addition, the survey result shows that there are indirect determinants of Mendifa wetland degradation which includes poor watershed management, population pressure, poor knowledge and lack of awareness about wetland and weak local institution. As a result of these occurrence of flood and erosion, lack of water access, decreasing of crop yield, loss of biodiversity and climate change are the major impacts of wetland degradation in the study area. In spite of the complexity and multifaceted nature of the problems, however, there is no quick and one-off solution to redress the threats being faced to Mendifa wetland. In order to reverse these emerging problems and conserve these fragile but crucial wetlands, integrated problem solving approach through realizing the collaboration of relevant stakeholders from policy level down to grassroots community is indispensible opportunity to Mendifa wetlands.
Environmental determinants of household food security in Northern Cross river state, Nigeria
Anu Malik1 Tebabu Tebabu 2 B. Rather3
1. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Mettu University, Ethiopia, P. O. Box: 318
This study examined the rural environmental determinants of food security and in Northern Cross River State, Nigeria. Two research questions were posed for the study. Literature review was carried out based on the variables. A cross sectional descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The purposive sampling technique was used in selecting the respondents for the study. The instrument for data collection were semi- structured questionnaires, focus group discussions and key informant interviews.. The reliability estimate of 0.87 was established using Cronbach Alpha Reliability method. The statistical tool for data analysing the quantitative data was descriptive analysis of frequency counts, percentages. The result of analysis revealed that Climate Change and deforestationare determinants of household food security in the study area. It was recommended that in order to raise crop yields, some useful traditional methods of farming need to be encouraged and developed among the women farmers, for example, the use of crop rotations and intercropping.
Spatio - Temporal analysis of Groundwater Level for Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu
Alaguraja Palanicamy, Thangamani. V and Yuvaraj.D
India
We are heading towards a freshwater crisis that is leading to poor access to safe water for millions of people. Fresh water is therefore, the most precious substance on earth. Water can neither be added nor subtracted from the earth. Its total volume remains constant. Water levels in aquifers reflect a dynamic balance among groundwater recharge, storage, and discharge. If recharge exceeds discharge, the volume of water in storage will increase and water levels will rise; if discharge exceeds recharge, the volume of water in storage will decrease and water levels will fall. Aims and objectives this work aims to study about the groundwater resources of the Virudhunagar District. Its objectives are as follows: To assess the groundwater levels in different seasons and to find out inter seasonal variation. The present study area Virudhunagar District is located in the southern part of Tamil Nadu state. It lies between 9° 09' North and 9° 48' North latitude and 77° 20' East and 78° 29' East longitudes and it forms a part of the Survey of India (SOI). The groundwater levels were taken in four different seasons and it was used to find out fluctuation in water levels. Arc GIS 9.3.1 software was used for mapping spatial data and mathematical calculations were done MS Excel. The South West Monsoon season is highest ground water level at A.Salapuram (59.01m). And winter season have very low water level at Maraikulam (4.16m). The winter season have low ground water at Central part of the study area. The South West Monsoon season ground water level over all area is high. But, comparatively Western and Eastern part is high ground water level.
Delimiting the Flood Risk Zones in Kuttiadi River Basin, Kerala, A Geographical Approach
K. Sumesh
Assistant Professor Department of Geography Government Arts College Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India
Flood risk zonation is inexorable in watershed management, in that it provides appropriate solution guidelines to tackle the flood hazard through the construction of proper structures and infra-structures. It is also helpful in setting safe site and proper evacuation routs for flood hazard management. The geographical parameters inevitably acts as a deciding factor in the causing flood and become more hazardous in the case of heavy and unexpected rain fall. Many studies have proved that the delimiting flood risk zonation in river basin is highly appreciable in watershed management for optimizing natural hazards like flooding, land sliding, and land degradation because of its bio-geographical and hydrological similarities. This paper pertains to foresee how flood risk zones of Kuttiadi river basin can be delineated based on geographical approach and by using geospatial technologies. The weighted sum analysis on geographical parameters has been used to identify the flood risk zones.
Application of remote sensing to analyze the land-use land-cover changes:A case study of Kalpathypuzha sub basin.
Dhanusree M, Sreelakshmy M, Dr.G.Bhaskaran
Chennai-600025
The distribution of natural resources is highly uneven over the earth surface, and it is being depleted swiftly. It is vital to understand the distribution pattern of the natural resources, and the review of land-use and land cover aids in this regard. Along with the analysis of the changes taking place in the land use and land cover, it is crucial to understand in which direction the changes are happening. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the land use and land cover status and its change matrix of the Kalpathypuzha river sub-basin of South India using remote sensing techniques over a decade. The study follows the NRSC level I classification, and the analysis points out that there is a decline in the amount of land under agricultural land, and there is an increase in the area under wasteland and built up.
Evaluation of Ground Water Quality and Suitability for Irrigation Purposes in Nathusari Chopta block of Sirsa District (Haryana, India) using Geo-informatics
Vinod Kumar and Dr. Vipin Kumar
School of Earth Sciences Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India-304022
Groundwater is a very important source of irrigation in most arid and semiarid regions of the country. Hence, there is a need to assess the quality and suitability of groundwater for irrigation and sustainable crop production in these regions. In order to evaluate the quality & suitability of groundwater in Nathusari Chopta block of Sirsa district, where total rural population exist and majority of them are farmers. The study area was fall under semiarid climatic condition where groundwater serves as the most consistent source of water for their domestic and agricultural activities. Seventy eight groundwater samples were collected and analysed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), anions (HCO3-, CO32-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+). From the results of the analyses and measurements, the suitability of the groundwater for irrigation were evaluated based on the EC, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Kelly’s ratio (KR). The interpolation technique of geospatial technology was also used to analyse and mapping of spatial changeability of EC, pH, SAR, RSC and groundwater quality, which provide first-hand information about the quality of groundwater. US salinity laboratory diagram were also applied for the present study. The EC results showed that the 60.25% and 25.64% of the samples fall under doubtful and unsuitable category respectively. The present study analyzed that groundwater in the study area falls within the high salinity-low sodium hazard and medium salinity-low sodium hazard classes. The importance of carrying out pre-treatment and monitoring of the studied samples if they were to be utilized for irrigation. One option is to beat this issue to grow salt tolerant crops. Regarding the remaining indices (RSC, SAR, PI & KR), the results showed that more than 90% of the samples were found to be within the safe limit and likely suitable for agricultural irrigation purposes.
Environmental awareness for sustainable regional planning and development: a study from Amboori, Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala
Dr. Nishad N & Dr. T.K.Prasad
India
Environmental awareness is to understand the degradation of our environment and the prominence of its existence. Promoting environmental awareness is an important step to become an environmental sustainability and participate in creating a brighter future among us people. Education should be environmental friendly and make citizens to live in tune with nature. Recently environmental awareness among new generation is gradually diminishing. Most of our present generation focuses on profit and business-oriented nature. So, they are mainly engaged in deforestation and environmental destruction. As a result, we all are living in dangerous situations today and going to face the serious impact of the modern life style. Some of the ways to practice environmental awareness include: using safe and non-toxic building supplies, conserving energy and water, recycling, activism, and others. There is urgent need to create positive attitude towards environment particularly among adolescent category. Man should go hand – in – hand with nature. Present study analyses the environmental awareness of local people of Amboori, a fragile hilly region of Thiruvananthapuram, capital city of Kerala
Analysis of educational level of literate population in West Bengal 2011
Somnath Majhi & Tushar Kanti Ghara
Kolkata 70009 l
Education is the back bone of the socio-economic development of any community. Literacy rate is one of the important parameter to measure the educational development. The population with higher educational levels indeed has more opportunities to better their socio-economic condition. Higher educational level also allows grabbing a white-color job. This is so true for especially for the Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST); as they are bound to work a menial and traditional job due to low educational levels. The percentage of the literate population with various educational levels like up to the primary level, from upper primary to higher secondary and graduate and above differs in different districts. SC and ST are well behind in this regard with the total population. Kolkata and its surrounding districts have fewer percentage populations with low educational levels and vice versa and it is true for the SC and ST population also. In this paper, an attempt has been made to show the spatial variation of the districts in terms of percentage of the literate population with educational level and compare the districts with total, SC and ST perspective.
Ground Water Potential Zone management in Rohru Community Development Block of Himachal Pradesh, India using Remote Sensing and GIS
Ajay Chanjta and Prof. D. D. Sharma
Department of Geography Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla, India. Pin171005
In the world of geospatial technology, characterisation of groundwater potential with the help of Remote Sensing data and Geographic Information System has become a breakthrough for ground water management. In the present Study a GIS based physical resource database was constructed to have physical based information of the Rohru Community Development Block and out of that resource base an attempt have been made to find out the ground water potential in the Rohru Community Development Block, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India, with an aerial extent of 305.57 km2. Thematic maps such as geomorphology, geology, soil, drainage, land use and land cover and slope have been used to access ground water potential zone of the study area. High resolution 12.5 meter DEM (ALOS PALSARA DEM) was used to generate Slope layer. All thematic layers influencing ground water potential have been analysed and overlaid using GIS based overlay analysis. Final outcome of ground water potential have been categorised into five different ground water potential category viz., very high, high, moderate, low and very low potential for ground water. The study shell be useful for further planning and can be used as quick guide for further studies.
Spatial-temporal analysis of urban functional development and its zone of influence: A micro level study of Barrackpore Subdivision, West Bengal: India
Sandipta Das, Dasharatha P. Angadi
Department of Geography, Mangalore University, India Mangalagangothri
Regional development of an area is associated with its socio-economic facilities growth. The process of urban growth is also allied with regional development. The growth of number of socio- economic facilities and amenitiesinfluences the urban growth. So regional development, urbanization and socio-economic growth are interlinked to each other. The optimal growth of urban centres is governed by required facilities for being capable to the people. The hierarchical growth of urban centresin order of facilities makes regional disparities in ranking dimensions which is common problem in developing economy. As resultant, some of the ULB are having more number of the facilities while some of are fewer in facilities to their population size. To solve out this regional imbalances, a rational micro level planning model are need. The present study has been treaties toanalyze the Spatio-temporal variations on functional potentiality of urban centres and their growth and development from 1971-2011. Barrackpore sub division is known as industrial zone in north 24 parganas district of West Bengal. Since independence it was consists of 16 municipalities or urban centres. It is an attempt to find out the influential zone and hierarchical growth of each urban centre in two decades. It is tried to observe how the small urban centres have develop in a hierarchical order formationbased on functional weightage, how thegeographical areaare extendedbythe facility influences and lastly how it changes the socio-economic conditions. The relative ratio has been analyzed the functional level to get the adequacy and inadequacy of facilities in all urban centres.The finding indicates that in 1971 the ratio between facilities and population was more than in 2011. During the 40 years’ time periods number of facilities was increased but it was less sufficient to support the increasing population needs in 2011. The range of zone of influences are reduces during the time periods due to the functional potentiality are improving in every small urban centres. The proper planning recommendation should be taken for inadequate urban centres; so that the regional imbalances would be reduce as well as the regional development will achieved.
Evolution and Trend of Settlement Pattern Associate with General physiography in Bhagwanpur-I CD Block
Souvik Mondal, Taniya Roy
Department of Geography Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, West Bengal, India
A settlement pattern is described in geographical area and refers to the way that buildings or houses are distributed in a rural settlement. Settlement patterns are settlements cluster in various shapes and sizes. The term "settlement pattern" refers to the" Characteristic groupings of population occupancy units together with the facilities in the form of house and street serve the inhabitants" it analysis the facilities developed in the process of occupancy of the land and grouping. Settlement pattern is a “The science of human settlements, including city or community planning and designing”. Here is basically described that bhagwanpur-I CD block at how the trend and evolution of settlement pattern and relation to general physiography. I basically did the this study works, for my interest in this kind of work and as a result of the full cooperation from the guider, I also took up this work to get the work area too close to my college. Bhagwanpur-I CD block which is a part of Purba Medinipur District, West Bengal. This area is located 78 kilometers away from the nearest Digha sea coast. On the basic of object in this study area, to find out the evolution of settlement patterns or types in a perspective village pattern and also besides, how this evolution influences on physiography. Here has been there method mainly used the satellite image survey and Sampling survey. Which is basically a methodology of three steps, Here's the first step, knowledge gained from information related to my work and work and the information collected in the second phase has been used third, for information verification and analysis. Has been found in this research, is the settlement of the village has increased in low rates and the homesteads have improved. With rural settlement types has been seen to be more frequent. Rural settlement pattern has also increased towards attracting areas, which would later be indicated as a municipality. From this it can be said that the area will get more progress due to its own land use.
Paddy land conversion and its impact on food security status: a study in Chittur taluk, Palakkad, Kerala
Rangina Basumata
Dept. of Geography, Kannur University
People generally eat what they grow or the food they find in their surroundings. The physiographical variations and pedological conditions that influence the crop type, production distribution and food habits. As the food production varies from place to place, consequently, there are surplus and deficit areas of food. Even in the food surplus regions, there are chances of crop failures due to physical and socio-economic factors. These crop failures and deficit food production may threatened food security and paved the way for hunger. The main causes of hunger, deprivation and starvation are climate change, environmental degradation, less profit in food production, costly input and land use land cover changes. Last few decades have seen sharp decline in the area under food crops and the substantial expansion in the area under non food crops especially in developing countries. This has lead to a crisis in food security among these producing regions. In Kerala, rice is the staple food. Earlier different variety of rice were cultivated in Kerala especially Wayanad, Palakkad, Kuttanad region and Thiruvananthapuram. But the present situation is totally different, the existing paddy fields are replaced by coconut, other plantation crops and fruits. Due to these conditions, questioning the food security of Kerala and make Kerala as a consumer state instead of producer. With this background, this paper tries to understand the food security and also to analyse the situation of declining paddy land in different periods of Chitturtaluk, a predominant and traditional paddy cultivating area typically known as granary of Kerala. The region is chief provider of Kerala’s stock of staple food as it alone account 54.58 percent of total district production. In order to calculate food security, Chakravarthy (1970) and Singh’s (1975) proposed methodology has been adopted. To understand the spatio-temporal variations of paddy decline, Survey of India topographical maps (1:50,000) and Landsat programmes Operational Land Imagery (OLI) imagery has adopted. From the data, it reveals that, in 1971 only one panchayat shows insecure in food security where as in 2011 about five panchayath coming under insecure place. The main reason is because of paddy land conversion to other purposes.
Irrigation and its impact on Paddy cultivation in the rain shadow region of Southern India
Roobina. A and Vijayan. P.K
Department of Geography, Kannur University
Paddy is the most important staple food crop caters more than half of the world’s populations which requireshigh amount of water for growing.The unscientific and excessive use of water to meet the irrigation demand of food crops particularly paddy thatcreate an over exploitation of underground water that would bring out the problems in sustainable water resource management. The struggle for water resources has becoming intense in many parts of the world particularly in the agricultural sector. Inefficient use of groundwater for crop production has depleted aquifers and reduced groundwater. In the case of Kerala [humid and tropical climate] located in the southern part of India where 44 rivers and many check dams satisfied their water demand andprovide ideal conditions for different variety of paddy cultivation. Despite, some of the areas in Kerala especially the rain shadow regions of Chitturknown for “granary of Kerala” now faced severe drought and poor groundwater potential that leads paddy cultivation in grave yard. The Water dispute problem with adjacent Tamil Nadu state also creates pressure in food crop cultivation. Due to these prevailing conditions,the existing water sourceswould be unable to satisfy the great demand of irrigation water that forced farmers from high water demand paddy crops to crops that required less water demand and also some of the farmers who converted land from food crops to plantation crops.With this background, the present study examines the availability and its efficiency of water for paddy cultivation in Chittur, a predominant paddy producing region in Kerala. To achieve this objective, data collected from landsat-8 imageries, amount of water requirements of paddy collected from Centre for water resource development and management, are mainly incorporated in this analysis. The study concludes that the supply of irrigation water is not enough for even the single cropping season in the entire region. This would highlight the need for proper management of available water in a proper manner.
Tourism efficiency in Khunti district of Jharkhand
Satya Priya Mahato & Dr. Falguni Gupta
West Bengal, India
According to Hunziker and Krapf” Tourism is the sum total of the phenomena and relationship arising from the travel and stay of non-residents in so far as it does not lead to permanent residence and is not connected to any earning activity.” Now a day the tourism has emerged as one of the world’s largest industries which are not only providing pleasure and enjoyment to the tourists but it provides job opportunities to millions of people .On the other hand, tourism also plays a great role for the development of a zone for the country. It may also create national integration and various kinds of cultural landscapes within the country. Jharkhand is the 28th state of the India and the district of Khunti has been carved out as a new district on 12th September in 2007 from the district of Ranchi, the study region is a part of Chotanagpur plateau in general and especially Ranchi planation surface in particular. The district of Khunti is blessed with the natural beauty of its vast and varied relief and its natural resources. It is a region of unevenness land consisting of a succession of plateau, hills, hillocks, and valleys which are drained by several perennial and non-perennial rivers, viz., Tajna, Kanchi, South-Koel, and Karo etc. A number of waterfalls is found in different parts of the study region. The study area is covered by the dense forest with various types of trees. The climatic conditions are so attractive for the tourists. Here, cool and calm climate is suitable for good health. On the other hand, the district of Khunti has a rich cultural heritage. The area is dominated by different tribal and non-tribal communities are also live together. From the view point of tribal culture, the study area is centre for foreigners and research scholars. Different communities who speak different languages and they celebrates different festivals together throughout the year show the great symbol of unity. Key words : 1.Natural beauty, 2.Cool climate, 3.Tribal races, 4.Lack of development, 5. Needs Planning and development, 6.Economical benefit, etc.
Assessment of soil quality using soil organic carbon and its impact on agriculture productivity in Dakdhin Dinajpur district
Mr.Nibesh Barman
Assistant Teacher Ektiasal Junior High School
Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. Soil carbon plays a key role in maintaining crop productivity in the soils. The study was conducted to assess the soil quality using soil organic carbon and its impact on agriculture productivity in Dakshin Dinajpur District. The soil of the study area is very fertile old alluvial soil. SOC is the main constituent of soil organic matter (SOM).Organic matter impacts on the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils. The amount of carbon in a soil is influenced by the balance between inputs (plant residues) and losses, mainly microbial decomposition and associated mineralization.
Population and food security: India's challenge
Savita Ahlawat, Dhian Kaur
Department of Geography Panjab University Chandigarh India
The status of food security has been a matter of great concern in the era of increasing population. In India, after Green Revolution the growth rate of foodgrains production has however been higher than the population growth rate and it tried to keep pace with the increasing population over the long time in order to sustain the increasing population. The per capita availability of foodgrains which improved after Green Revolution from 395 grams in 1951 to 468 grams in 1971 and 510 grams in 1991 has declined to 462 grams in 2012. The declining trend has serious implications for the country's food security situation. The present study intends to analyse the effects of above highlighted issues viz. increasing population and its effects on the status of food security in India. The results showed that due to population growth agricultural intensification has increased which lead to problems of land degradation, overexploitation of underground water resources, water logging, salinization and alkalinization. These problems are more peculiar in Green Revolution areas mainly in north-western states. The study suggests that to have sustainable food security region specific measures should be taken.
Analysis of Micro Level Disparities in Healthcare Infrastructure in Allahabad District, Uttar Pradesh, India
Amit Kumar Singh, Prof. V.K.Kumra
Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi
For over past sixty years health has been among the few issues in India. Health is the basic and primary need of people and good health. It is also a major resource for social, economic and personal development. It prepares a background for any nation to progress in socio-economic, scientific, educational and other spheres. Therefore, it should not be viewed in isolation from other goals of development. The progress of any country or society greatly depends on the quality of life of its people. The present study is an attempt to analyse the block level disparity in health attainment in Allahabad district at two times period 2004-05 and 2014-15. To analyse the regional disparities in twenty blocks of the district, nine variables have been selected and have been measured by using the Development Index. In the analysis, it has been observed that some blocks are found to be stagnant; others are either moving forward or going backward in the district during 2004-05 and 2014-15. The overall condition is worst in 2014-15 in comparison to previous years.
A spatial analysis of potato productivity in Hooghly district of west Bengal
Sandipan Ganguly & Palash Patra
INDIA
West Bengal ranks second in terms of potato production in India (Department of Agriculture Cooperation, Govt. of India). Hooghly district is one of the leading potato producing districts of West Bengal. The paper attempts to analyse the level of potato productivity in Hooghly district of West Bengal during the time span of 2007-08. The present study is entirely based on the secondary data which have been collected mainly from the District Statistical Handbook, 2008. Crop yield and concentration indices ranking coefficient of Singh (1976) has been used to demarcate the blocks of Hooghly district in terms of potato productivity. The paper reveals that the highest yield index of potato is found in Pursurah block (133.05) and the lowest in Khanakul- II (20.37). The highest concentration index of potato has been recorded in Pursurah (151.05) and the lowest as 22.02 in Serampur-Uttarpara block. The highest level of potato productivity has been found in Pursurah block and the lowest in Balagarh block. To minimise the disparity in potato productivity across the blocks of Hooghly district, special emphasis should be given to the efficient use of modern technological inputs and allocation of fertile alluvial tracts with better use of irrigation.
Prevent child marriage: an essay with special reference to Kanyashree Prakalpa of West Bengal
Md. Hasan Ali, Dr. Sanjay Kr. Jha
T.M.B.U.
Child marriage is one of serious social crisis in the world today. A marriage is regarded as a child marriage in technical sense when the matrimonial tie occurs between a minor boy and a minor girl or one of them does not reach at the legal age of marriage. Practically it is a form of early and forced alliance that is unfortunately considered to be a traditional norm and practice. Child marriage is a serious human right violation because it has a debilitating impact on the lives specially of girls. It occurs particularly in developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America. South Asia accounts for almost half of all child marriages that occur globally. India is one of the countries in this region where girl child marriage is an unbending social problem. In spite of taking some legal and regulatory measures the prevalence of girl child marriage a concern for India till today. In some states in India more than 50% girls come in laws' house in their childhood. West Bengal is one of those states. The present Government of West Bengal in order to prevent the prevalence of girl child marriage and to the holistic development of girls introduced KanyshreePrakalpa in the year 2013. It is a State Government sponsored conditional direct cash transfer scheme for underprivileged girls. The scheme is designed in such a way that reducing the tendency of drop out from school; it motives girls of poor families to pursue higher study and at the same time protect them from the harmful social custom of marriage at young age.
Accelerated Geomorphic Hazard and Its Impact on Recent Coastal Environment: A Case Study at Jaldah To Mandarmoni Of Purba Medinipur (West Bengal)
Jitendra shukla, subhankar patra & Md.Azfar Mondal
Ranchi, Jharkhand
The Coast is a most important dynamic zone of the West Bengal. This paper assesses the impact of Accelerated geomorphic hazard on recent coastal environment. The coastal erosion is most important for the changing coastal environment along the jaldah to Mandarmoni coastal tract, which is part of West Bengal coast. Through the erosional mark and shifting of shoreline and also related data have been detected that the coastal accelerated geomorphic hazard, coastal erosion has remarkable along this area over the last decade. As a result of that the shore line has been shifted landward and the entire environment has changed. It has been observed that the coastal erosion and shifting of shoreline of this area also shifted landward at a rate of 4m to 12m/year. At many places the coastal dunes, coastal vegetation and also ecosystem are totally destroyed by accelerate wave erosion. The agricultural land and fish farms are also affected by these accelerated hazards.
Working status of rural women: a study of Tufanganj block-I, Coochbehar district, West Bengal
Pinku Das
Assistant teacher, Gitaldaha High School (H.S.), Dinhata Cooch Behar
Rural economy of India is characterised by a massive presence of merely paid women workers. Rural women workforce plays a significant role in the economy who participated in large number of economic activity in agriculture and allied sector. Equitable access to more and better jobs in rural areas enable rural women to become effective economic actors and engines of growth. In India female participation in labour market has increased due to increasing rate of employment opportunities. The entry of women in labour market has fundamentally changed the status of women in the family as well as in the society. Today, indigenous women are increasingly entering the formal and informal labour market, as self-employed workers or wage earners. However women are facing new challenges regarding their social status which varies from rural to urban areas and various families in one area. Gender inequality, limited access to credit, health care and education has posed a number of challenges for rural women in all states of India. They also face many domestic and social problems. For the work, primary data was obtaining through field survey. Again, secondary data were collected from various sources and analyzed with suitable statistical and cartographic techniques. Present research study has tried to explore the status of rural working women of Tufanganj Block-I and their distribution in different sector. Most of the women workers of the study area belong to poor economic condition which is the main reason of their work. In conclusion part proper suggestions are incorporated to arrest the problem.
Impact of modern agricultural technology on environment: a case study in Memari block of Burdwan district, West Bengal
Sk Ajim Ali
Research scholar of Geography Aligarh Muslim University (AMU)
The present study is an attempt to identify major environmental impacts due to application of modern technologies in agriculture. Technology refers to how to cultivate a crop successfully. This success can be obtain by knowing how to apply fertilizer, control pests and take care of crops for its healthy and good growth. There are no way to doubt that modern technologies are the best method of improving the yields of crops, protecting crops against disease and pest, making livestock healthy at all the time, but there are also some environmental issues relating to this improved agricultural inputs. Rapid population growth & economic development (mainly due to agricultural expansion and development) are threatening the environment through expansion and intensification of agriculture, uncontrolled growth of urbanization, industrialization and destruction of natural habits. The growing population put immense pressure on land at the cost of forest and engages on land modification and extensification because the demand of food could not increase substantially to population. Thus horizontal extension of land has fewer scopes and relies mostly on vertical improvements (i.e. production) that is supported by technical development in the field of agriculture i.e. HYV seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and agricultural implements. All these particles are causing degradation and depletion of environment with multiplying ratio. The main objective of the present study is to study the significant Spatio-temporal change in both its agricultural practice and environmental impact. A case study method has applied in this study in order to obtain field level data collection.
Culinary tourism: a recent trend in global tourism; finding its present status and future scope in India
Soham Biswas
Geography Guest Lecturer Department of Geography Berhampore College University of Kalyani
Food Tourism is one of the latest and growing trends worldwide in recent years; since mounting number of tourists interested in culinary destinations – a trend that seems to consolidate year after year. In India, tourism industry is one of the largest sectors in terms of its contribution to the country’s GDP and FEE. A large number of Foreign Tourists visits India every year. Besides enjoying India’s scenic beauty of amazing landscapes, they are stepping into pursue the food culture of the country. Indian cuisine is world famous for its charm, aroma, taste, diversity and extravagant spices and the country is rightly known as “HOME OF SPICES”. The main objective of the present study is to evaluate the present status, future scope as well as to suggest some ideological and theoretical strategies to promote Culinary Tourism in India. This paper is based on secondary data and review of literatures and Predictive Forecasting Method has been used. The study reveals that, in India Food Tourism is in its embryo stage though the country possesses a diversified and richly cuisine tradition. The study may be helpful to the Government policy makers to push the country’s economic growth through the promotion of Culinary Tourism.
Impacts of riverbank erosion of floodplain areas of Torsa river at Cooch Behar-II
Sourav Dey
Research Scholar Geography North Bengal University
Cooch Behar district is a land of many perennial rivers. The Torsa River flows through Tibet, Bhutan, India and Bangladesh. Cooch Behar district is mainly formed of the processes of alluvial deposits. Only seven mauzas I have selected for my research work. This paper provides an overview of coochbehar block II residence displaced by river bank erosion. This research work describes the socio-economic as well as environmental conditions of the study area with a special attention to natural hazards. Riverbank erosion of a considerable proportion of the victims are compelled to leave the original homestead plot and take shelter by the left embankment, cultivated land, neighbors land, Government and relative lands. The health and economic conditions of the victims are extremely low. In fact, riverbank erosion causes every year unemployment, landlessness and poverty is increasing which results from unstable condition of this area. This physical process affects the economic and socio-cultural aspects and creates drastic change over the period. Continuous monitoring and maintenance of these floods induces river bank management which is necessary for the beneficial result. The distressed people demand a holistic and positive approach to tackle the problem. The information on losses of livelihoods, generated vulnerabilities, social destructions, impacts on agriculture, impacts on environment, relief and benefit for erosion victims and livelihood dependence on the river is collected through semi-structured questionnaire survey.
Causes of soil pollution and alternative measures to reduce it in Choto Sangra Mouza of Birbhum District, West Bengal
Koyel Mukherjee
Research Scholar Department of Geography Visva-Bharati Santiniketan
The causes of soil pollution are complex and far reaching. Actually it has economic impacts and this in term causes social impacts. Agriculture is the base of village economy. It has been evolved through different stages, from the past to this modern era.In traditional agriculture farmers used to depend on farm manure and cow dung as natural sources of plant nutrients. This traditional system of applying manure could only support low yields but there was no strain on the inherent of the soil. Modern agriculture largely depends on the use of high cost inputs such as chemical fertilizers, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides etc. The application of such inputs has undoubtedly increased the production but there is growing concern over the adverse effects of the use of chemicals on soil productivity and environment quality.Now in case of Choto Sangra, only organic manure was used for crop cultivation before forty to fifty years. So, the production of crop was less than now but now with chemical fertilizer, HYV seeds etc the production of this village has no doubt become increased.Negative effect of modern agriculture is also found that the excessive use of chemical fertilizer has reduced the fertility of field. Undergone demonstration is not practiced here. So, sometimes farmers use chemical fertilizers and pesticides unscientifically. Consumption of chemical pesticides had increased during 1990-91 and decreased during 1995-96 and further come down to about 1998-99 while it is necessary to add the required amount of plant food nutrients in the soil to increase crop production. Continuous removal of micronutrient due to excessive amount of chemical inputs application is depleting the soil fertility. It is however, easy to standardize the optimum levels of production factors at the experimental sites but very difficult to popularize them among the vast majority of farmers. Due to tropical climate, organic carbon status, phosphate status of this soil is low. Potash, a nutrient is adequate in the soils of Choto Sangra village. As remedial measure, organic agriculture should be practiced. It relies upon crop rotations with leguminous crops, addition of crop residues, animal manure, bio fertilizer and bio pesticides.
Estimation of climatic balance and ground water potential in Sriniketan-Santiniketan planning area
Subhra Ghosh & Dr. Debashis Das
Visva-bharati, Santiniketan
In order to meet the water shortages, search for new sources of fresh water especially ground water has been emphasized. For this purpose both qualitative and quantitative approaches have been applied. The former are largely based on water table profiles and contours whereas the later are based on change in ground water shortage and factors causing them. Some of the villages of the study area record over utilization and remaining record under utilization of ground water. Water balance for the area as a whole has been studied for each of the heavy, normal and low rainfall years. Water is surplus in the months of August and September in heavy rainfall years, and in July and August in normal rainfall year. Naturally, there is no surplus in less rainfall years. A suitable plan for its development has been emphasized here by taking into account conjunctive use of water resources.
Levels of development of literacy in Bankura district, West Bengal
Md. Azfar Mondal
Research Scholar University Department of Geography Ranchi University, Ranchi
literacy may be defined as the person who is more than seven years of age read, write and understanding in any language of society . It is an essential part of human life which eradicates poverty and mental isolations. Literacy influences on society for creating friendly and peaceful environment. It is an important index of development of society. It influences on fertility, mortality, social advancement, friendly international relations, economic growth, political maturity, occupation etc. Illiteracy on the other hand is the major hindrance of development. It retarded society from of all sides by ignorance of real understanding of society. The district Bankura is located in between 22038'N to 23038'N latitude and 86036' E to 87046' E longitude. It is located at the western part of West Bengal and eastern part of Chhotonagpur plateau. The eastern part of this district is a part of Gangetic deltaic region. According to the census 2011 more than quarter number peoples are illiterates. Here the literacy is 70.26% where the male is 80.05% and female is only 60.05%. Here many people migrates seasonally to the eastern part of some other district like Burdwan and Hooghly as a labour to the agricultural field of paddy sowing and cutting times of both aman and boro seasons. Here many people are very poor. In this paper I will try to show the development and problem of literacy by different statistical, cartographic methods. Literacy development index and index of deprivation have been computed for this purposes and lastly a major comparison will be made to show the temporal variation and trends of literacy.
Morphology and evolution of the Pennar river basin
G. Rambabu & M. Sambasiva Rao
Dept.of.Geography Sri Krishna Devaraya University Anantapur Andhra Pradesh
The geomorphology is the study of formation of landforms on the earth surface through various geomorphic processes and agents envolved in their formation. The exogenetic and endogenetic processes are responsible for the formation of landforms. River basin is the land area in which the main river and its tributaries drain. Studies on geomorphology and evolution of Sarada river basin are carried out by PrudviRaju and Vaidhyanathan (1981). The evolution of landforms over the Nilagiri’s of southern India are described by Parthasaradi and Vaidhyanathan (1974). Verstappen (1966) has described the role of landform classification in integrated survey. Suryanarayan (1982) has mapped the landforms of the Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu state and described that there is double pediplanation in the state of Tamil Nadu. Mabbutt (1966) has described the landforms of the western Mac Donnell ranges. Studies on geomorphology and evolution of major deltas of the east coast of the India are carried out by Sambasiva Rao etal (1978), Sambasiva rao and Vaidhyanathan (1979)Sambasiva Rao (1982, 2002), Kaladevi (1985) has studied the terrain characteristics, landforms and brought out the evolution of Vaigai river basin.
Pattern and differential of literacy in Western Maharashtra: A Geographical analysis
Dr. Govindrao Uttam Todkari
Assistant Professor Department of Geography Walchand College of Arts and Science Solapur
Literacy rate is one of the important demographic elements, which is a good measure of human progress towards modernization. Literacy has been defined as the ability to read and write with understanding. Indian literacy is characterized with sharp differences in between the rate of male and females; of rural and urban areas; and of various population subgroups. There are inter-regional variations in literacy rate among Western Maharashtra. The literacy variations are quite significant between male-female and rural-urban in this area. In this present paper, the western Maharashtra region is selected for analyzing these variations of literacy and differential of literacy. For this study, the secondary data are used which collected from socio-economic abstract of district. The collected data are analysed by using statistical and cartographic techniques. Such type of study represents real situation of literacy in Western Maharashtra which helps to planners, scientists and research scholars.
An overview of women education in India
Mr.Bhupen Barman
Guest Lecturer Geography Rajganj College Jalpaiguri West Bengal
Female literacy is considered a key factor for the rapid development of a country. An educated woman is important for decision making in relation health seeking, family planning, nutrition and economic issues etc. She not only helps in the development of human resources, but in improving the quality of life. There is a disparity in literacy between men and women in India. At present status and awareness of women that entrepreneurship opens up new fields for they and they can achieve their cherished profession which has independent and self support.
Land use pattern in Haryana: a geographical analysis
Mr. Monu Kumar
Assistance Professor Dept. Of Geography Govt. College Meham Rohtak, Haryana
Haryana state is one of the most prosperous agriculture states of India. Here, mostly populations are engaged to agriculture activity. Therefore, Land is one of the most critical recourses for the poor dependent on farming for their livestock. The ever-increasing population together with escalating demands brings extra pressure on available land resources and pushes toward land use change. Change in the land affects directly on the ecosystem and are intimately linked with the issue on sustainability. The challenge for developing countries is to develop land management programms to increase the availability of high quality fertile lands in areas where population growth is high, poverty is endemic and existing institutional capacity is week. Understanding of land use change in relation to its driving forces provides essential information for land use planning and sustainable management of resources. In order to use land optimally, it is not only necessary to have information on exiting land use but also capability to monitor the dynamics of land use resulting out the changing demands of increasing population. The present paper analyzes the existing land use pattern comparing the data of 2001-02 to 2011-12 and change in land use pattern of Haryana state. It also focuses upon the causes behind these changes.
Assessing the maternal health benefit schemes-a study on Bankura district, West Bengal
Dr. Priyadarshini Sen
Geography Assistant Professor Department of Geography Dumdum Motijheel College, Kolkata
Reduction of mortality of women is an area of concern for not only South Asian countries like India but for most of the nations globally. The International Conference on Population and Development in 1994 had stressed on the immediate task of reducing the maternal mortality and hence improving the health conditions of mothers to-be and their newborns as well by the year 2015. Indian states suffer from high levels of disparity as far as maternal health is concerned measured by the parameters like those beneficiaries covered under government sponsored immunization programmes ,with better encouragement of institutional deliveries and alike. For West Bengal the matter is yet serious because as a whole the state has been categorised ‘high performing’ as far as institutional deliveries and Maternal Mortality Rates are concerned but one of its backward districts; Bankura suffers from huge gap in the target achievement form maternal benefit schemes than actually happens. A geographically rich area containing huge potentials for agro-forestry, suffers from less than adequate number of hospitals and less awareness of the benefit schemes may be due to illiteracy and position of women in their domestic atmosphere. This paper identifies some out of many such problem ‘areas’ of Bankura district in order to plan better for the beneficiaries who are residing in the remote backward regions of the country.
Mapping sex composition of Indian metropolises
Dr. Jitendra Kumar
Assistant Professor of Geography KLP College Rewari
The present work of sex composition has examined in geographic perspective metropolises in India that constitute an important component of Indian urban system. The main point of inquiry is to analysis the change and regional variation of sex composition of metropolises. There are fifty two metropolises in India as per final totals of census 2011. The study follows a systematic approach. In order to find out the results, census data has been used from 1901-2011. The existing sex ratio in the country is basically the product of differential in mortality at various stages of life. In urban areas highly urbanized and industrialized places mainly have low sex ratio due to male selective in migration to such areas. Metropolises located in south India are marked with a relatively more favourable sex ratio as compared to north and north-west states. It is observed that sex ratio in cities with million plus population is high where the urban and rural sex ratio of the state is high. It is noticed that sex ratio in the age group 0-6 has declined by (- 2) point in metropolises in the last decade. The decline in child sex ratio has been equally common in rural as well as urban areas, although the magnitude is evidently on the higher in the rural areas in the 2001-11.The declining child sex ratio is a pan Indian phenomenon, as it will lead to serious demographic imbalances and adverse social consequences.
Utilization of irrigation and cropping intensity in Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India
Ms.Reshmi Sarkar
Assistant Teacher Milanpalli High School Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur West Bengal
Irrigation is practised in those areas where rainfall is seasonal and the amount is not satisfactory for crop production. The monsoonal land having seasonal rainfall, require irrigation either from canal, tank or well so as to ensure agricultural production. In India rainfall is seasonal and the distribution of rainfall is uneven. India has the largest acreage of land under irrigation. In the high irrigated area the cropping intensity is found high and in the low irrigated area cropping intensity is found low. This article focussed on the present status of irrigation and cropping pattern on block basis in the Uttar Dinajpur district, in West Bengal, India. After applying different methods and technique (Pearson’s product moment correlation co-efficient, Regression line etc.). It has been concluded that the districts has a positive relation between two variables. Though the ground water utilisation is the main source of irrigation but other sources are also used to increase the cropping intensity in the region. Some blocks gets high irrigation facilities but the facilities is not well enough.
Disable population of Manipur: A spatial analysis
Santosh Kumar
Department of Geography Maharshi Dyanand University Rohtak
The study area of the present paper is Manipur which is located at 23.830N to 25.680N latitude and 93.030E to 94.780E longitude and primarily based on secondary data, collected from Census of India. The study analysis the Temporal Change in Disable persons 2001 to 2011 and also finds out spatial pattern of disable persons in 2011. Data is analysed with the help of general statistical techniques, and ARC GIS 9.3 software. The spatial pattern of Disable persons have been classified into Low, Moderate, High and Very High categories. In 2011 higher proportion of disable age group 10-19, 20-29 and 30-39. This age group represent 17 percent and 15 percent of total disable persons. The increase of disable population is 0.87 percent in 2011 compared to 2001.
Gender disparity in level of literacy in Himachal Pradesh, 2011: a spatial perspective
Sandeep Kumar and Sujan Singh
Himachal Pradesh University Shimla Himachal Pradesh India
Although, male and female constitutes the important segment of our population. Since from the inception of human life, the female got second preference than male in all activites. Education is not exceptional one. In present study, an attempt has been made to examine the gender disparity in overall literacy along with rural-urban areas of Himachal Pradesh at district level. The study is based on secondary sources of data. The data pertaining to all twelve districts of the state have been obtained from directorate of Census Operations, Shimla. The district constitutes the basic unit of observation. The Sopher disparity index (1974) modified by Kundu and Rao (1980) has been used to find out the gender disparity in overall literacy along with rural and urban areas. The spatial variations in literary at district level have been shown by maps and tables. It is evident from the study that significant improvement has been observed in male-female literacy and the gender gap has decreased from 22.96 per cent in 1971 to 13.06 per cent in 2011. As per 2011 Census, the gender disparity in literacy was lower (0.12) in study area as compare to national average of 0.15. However, there were notable spatial variations at district level. The gender disparity in literacy is two-fold higher in Chamba (0.20) which ranked at top place while Una district with 0.10 placed at bottom rank among all twelve districts. Furthermore, the variations of literacy among the male and female in the state become further clear when it is considered separately for rural and urban areas. It is evident from the study that the gender disparity in literacy is more marked in rural areas as compares to urban one. In rural areas, the Chamba district with 0.21 has highest gender disparity followed by Lahual-Spiti (0.17) and Kullu (0.16). On contrary, Una district has low gender disparity (0.10) closely followed by Kangra and Hamirpur district. With regard to gender disparity in urban areas, Chamba and Kullu district have recorded disparity above 0.06 whereas the Shimla district with 0.03 index value closely followed by Solan and Mandi districts have witnessed least disparity in male and female literacy. It is evident from the study that the gender disparity in rural areas (0.21) seven times more than urban areas (0.03) of the state.
Soil degradation and conservation of Chopra block- a case study of Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal
Ms.Reshmi Sarkar
Assistant Teacher Milanpalli High School Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur West Bengal India
Erosion is a comprehensive natural process of detachment and removal of loosened rock materials and soils by exogenetic processes such as running water, ground water, sea waves, wind, glacier. In fact the damage and degradation caused to the soil due to compactness, smearing, excessive working etc. through human activities is called “Soil Degradation``. Chopra block of Uttar Dinajpur is densely populated agricultural area. It is situated in high rainfall zone including many rivers following from north to south direction. All the rivers have their origin from the Darjeeling Himalayas. Thus water volume and velocity of the rivers became high during rainy season. So in this study area stream erosion in the main cause of soil erosion. This study shows the present status of denuded soil of Chopra block and discusses the factors which are responsible for this erosion and also focuses on the efficient and scientific conservation measures which are applied to that area to check soil erosion for further improvement in soil fertility of Chopra block.
Tourism industry of North Bengal ¬- from Geographical point of view a steps toward planning and development
Mr.Chiranjib Nad
Assistant Teacher Gazoldoba High School (H.S), Jalpaiguri
The term Tourism has been emerged as a major industry since World War II. This tourism industry is developed around a region of unique characteristics of natural, social, cultural, ethnic resource diversity and so on. North Bengal comprises of six districts namely Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, Uttar Dinajpur, Dakshin Dinajpur, and Malda. Each of the above districts has unique characteristics in respect of natural, social, cultural, ethnic resources. The natural beauty of Darjeeling mountain, reserve forest of Terai and Dooars, heritage site of Malda and the folk culture of forest surrounded rural area in North Bengal are attracting tourists (both domestic and international) from all over the world. The Darjeeling hills are well known as Queen of Hills. The Darjeeling Tea and Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (DHR) are regarded as the heritage of Darjeeling Hills. The unique ethnic community of Totopara of Jalpaiguri district, Coochbehar Rajbari and Heritage site of Malda (Goura) district has a major interest of tourist worldwide. This industry emerged as an important segment of daily life of the people, strengthening their economy and also generates supplementary income for local in rural as well as urban areas. But today lack of proper management the tourism industry of North Bengal has been suffered a lot. This paper is an attempt to focus the present problem and planning to rejuvenate development of Tourism industry of the study area.
Dynamics of population size, density and growth in Himachal Pradesh, India (1981-2011)
Mr.Ritesh Kumar, Mr.Khyal Chand
Department of Geography Himachal Pradesh University Shimla
The population of Himachal Pradesh has been increasing unabatedly since last four decades. The present paper attempts to analyze the trends in population size, density and its growth in the study area during the study period. The study is based upon secondary data. It discusses the changing scenario of population size, density and growth during the four census years (1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011). The study reveals that the population has been increasing continuously and unevenly from 1980s to 2011. The distribution of population presents an inverse correlation between area and population during the study period, because geographically small districts are supporting more population and vice-versa. The study brings out that population density has also been increased over the period. The density of population also presents an inverse correlation between area and population during the study period, because geographically small districts support more human population and vice-versa. The overall growth of population has registered 60.16% increase between 1981-2011.
A Study on the Street Vendors in Sivasagar District of Assam
Ushamoni
Research Scholar, Department of Assamese, Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
The study is an effort to highlight the socio-economic and demographic status and working condition of the vendors working in Sivasagar town. It is an attempt to focus on the various issues relating to their work life, legal issues, financial viability, credit guarantee, the problems they face everyday. The significance of this study is that it reveals a total position of street vendors in the city and the issues yet to be addressed. Since street vendors represent a big share of the informal workers, so the matter has been a great deal of focus and necessary legal and official steps to be taken for promoting this class of traders. In this regard, the research studies could have enough resources to highlight what is happening and what yet to be done in the field. Policy makers and the concerned authorities will be able to collect enough inputs and data which could be better utilized while framing policies for the welfare and development of this class of informal workers.
A Indonesia-China relationship: the political identity and social conflict in Padang, West Sumatera-Indonesia
Girma Hurrisa
Department of Management Haramaya University Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
The ups and downs of relations between Indonesia and China in West Sumatra have been going on for a long time and have even given deep wounds to the victims of the conflict. Identity politics (indigenous and non-indigenous) have also provided a separate partition in acculturation and assimilation of the culture of Chinese or Chinese (non-indigenous) descendants in Padang, West Sumatra. Research objectives: (1) Describe identity politics in Padang, West Sumatra. (2) Describes social conflict between indigenous and non-indigenous people in Padang, West Sumatra. (3) Describe the influence of identity politics and social strife in Padang, West Sumatra. The research uses a quantitative approach. The population in the study was 360 people—methods of collecting data through psychological scales and interviews. The sampling technique used is simple random sampling. Data analysis techniques use simple regression. The results of this study found no influence of identity politics on social conflict in the city of Padang,
A Study on Digital Hygiene Practices of Secondary School Teachers of Lucknow
Bharati Deshmukh
Research Scholar Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh Assam, PIN- 786002, India
We are living in a new world. The pandemic of Covid-19 has pushed us in virtual world. Whether we like it or not, the new normal is virtual world. People are connected for everything whether it is education, shopping, medicine, industry or socialization. When we are online, it becomes mandatory to be safe and follow cyber ethics. Digital hygiene becomes the need of the hour. This position paper has done a research on the digital hygiene practices of teachers in schools of Lucknow. The researcherhas find out the hygiene practices followed by teachers while using internet. In this research Descriptive Survey Method is used. Sample is collected through simple random sampling method. For qualitative analysis, percentage is calculated. The result shows that secondary school teachers of Lucknow are quite aware about the digital hygiene practices. They follow it in their daily life. They themself practice it and also motivate students to follow these digital hygiene practices
The traditional food habit of the Mising tribe of Assam: challenges and prospects
Rajadurai
Research Scholar Department of Sociology, St. Francis De Sales College, Hebbagodi, Bangalore
The Mising Tribe of Assam, like other tribes of northeast India has its own unique culture and tradition. It is one of the most prominent tribes living in Assam. Originally Mising tribewasa branch of Mongolian race and in course of time theymigrated to various plain areas of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh.From the linguistic point of view, they belong to Tibetan family and hence it is the second largest language community in the world. It is also in the second spot in the list of plains tribes of Assam. As far as the food habit of Mising people is concerned, most of their food items are derived from natural sources, many of the food items have medicinal qualities and therefore more research is needed to study the mising food items from medicinal point of view. Although the traditional food habit of the Mising has faced various challenges, there are possibilities of developing the food habits of this tribe and proper steps should be taken in this direction.
Gender, Memory, and Movement: A case study of Northeast India
Manik Chandra Nath
Assistant Prof, Department of Education, Telahi Tuwaram Nath College, Assam, India
Memory as a tool plays a vital role in the starting and continuity of a movement. Once the movement ends, the experience of people being a part of that movement becomes a part of their individual and collective memory. So, the process of memory construction itself shows the power play among various agents of the state, civil society, intellectuals, and common people. Based on this context, this paper is an endeavor to understand the gender equation in the Bodoland movement, an autonomy movement from Northeast India. With the help of ethnographic tools such as in-depth interviews and participant observation, this paper engages with remembering and rethinking on the demands and positionality of women in the movement from a gendered perspective.
Electronic Health Records: Benefits, Barriers and Best Practices
Lopamudra Dasgupta
Research Scholar, Department of Geography, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Ballygunge, Kolkata – 700019
The progress of information technology has impacted the healthcare sector. Some of these impacts are caused by adoption of the Electronic Health Records. One of the main goals of EHR is to support continuity, efficiency, and quality in healthcare. These systems can offer benefits, such as ease of access to patient data, research support, and greater completeness and documentation comprehensiveness. In addition, these systems have shown a capacity for reducing medical errors and increasing patient safety, mainly by means of decision-making support mechanisms. Despite these benefits, the literature also presents evidence that, when developed and/or used improperly, EHR can incur risks to patient safety. Studies have also documented user dissatisfaction with current systems and usability problems. They have also created a host of new problems, including authorship attribution, data integrity, and regulatory concerns over the accuracy and medical necessity of billed services. The predominant EHR-related safety concerns identified can help to focus future safety assessment activities can be used to prioritize ongoing interventions for further research. ‘Safe technology’ and ‘safe use of technology’ are necessary for efforts to improve and monitor patient safety.
Revisiting electoral violence in Zimbabwe: problems and prospects
Marega Eseoghene
Calabar University Nigeria
This study explores theoretical contradictions with reality regarding the actors or perpetrators of violence when explaining the causes of electoral violence in the Zimbabwean context. These perspectives can be divided into two contesting schools of thought, the first group comprising of mostly rational theories argue that autocratic governments use electoral violence as a way of influencing electoral outcome. The other position suggest that the weaker political party is the one responsible for electoral violence. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the causes of electoral violence by advancing a notion that electoral violence, should not be seen based on one position but from a multifaceted position. This is because, neither of the two theoretical approaches are wrong but what differs is the context. This paper argues that the idealism of holding a position hinders policy analysis to electoral violence, monitoring and observing election process as it places either, the ruling party or the opposition party as a unit of analysis
Beyond General Education: A Strategic Framework for Repositioning Vocational and Technical Education for Eradication of Unemployment in Nigeria
E. Anam
Department of Public Administration, University of Calabar, Calabar,Nigeria
The paper identified unemployment of youths in Nigeria as a potential challenge facing the country. The root cause of this scenario is the emphasis on general education to the detriment of vocational and technical education in Nigeria. Attempt was made to highlight the benefits of vocational and technical education to individuals, employers as well as the society. Constraints to vocational and technical education were itemized while a framework for utilisation of vocational and technical education for eradication of unemployment was suggested. The paper advocates the re-organisation of informal vocational education through official recognition of apprenticeship programme and apprenticeship centres in all 774 Local Government Areas in Nigeria. The paper further advocates that certain amount of money should be made available by government as daily stipends for the entire apprentice and their instructors. It is also recommended that the government should revisit vocational and technical education with a view to addressing some of the plethora of problems facing this level of education in Nigeria.
Attitude of Muslim students towards sex education in relation to their home environment
Heena Parveen
Research Scholar, Department of Sociology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
The present studies intended to the find out the study and compares the attitude towards sex education of Muslim adolescence students, and also find out to compare the attitude of Muslim adolescence students towards sex education in relation to their home environment. For this study researcher was framed 2 objectives and 3 hypotheses. Normative survey method has been used in this study. 400 Muslim adolescence students were selected as sample through Purposive sampling technique .Attitude Scale towards Sex Education was developed by researcher by the help of the expert of this field and Home Environment Inventory developed by Dr. K.S. Misra were used to collect the data. The collected data was analyzed using Mean, S.D. and‘t’ test through SPSS software. Muslim adolescence student have high attitude towards sex education. Area has affected the attitude of students towards sex education as the urban students have been found to have more favorable attitude towards sex education. Sex had not affected the attitude of rural Muslim students towards sex education. Home environment and its dimensions have affected the attitude of students towards sex education. It provides complete and healthy information for necessary life skills to deal with the problems of future life.
Traditional beliefs of Bodo and Assamese culture: A study on lakhimpur district
Yasoda Gautam
Doctoral Fellow Department of Education, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Assam is the easternmost outpost of Indian civilization from the remote past when the people belonging to different races and ethnic groups settled, and a composite culture was grown out of their living in close proximity for millennia. They contributed a lot to the growth in acculturation through synthesis and assimilation. Though the culture is termed as composite, in fact, a prominent one had absorbed many elements from others. The question as to who were the first settlers or who migrated first to this region, and who followed might be left aside in the present discussion. Scholars’ trace the population of Assam consists of many heterogeneous elements. Since time immemorial Assam has been the meeting ground of divers ethnic and cultural streams–the principal migrants have been the Austro-Asiatic, the Dravidians, the Tibeto-Burman, the Mongoloid and Aryan. Over the years, various ethnic groups settled in different parts of North East India, especially Assam, forming a unique identity within the country and abroad. Every ethnic group had its own characteristics way different from others. And, frequent conflict within the state began to occur from time to time for various reasons that lead to demand for separate state. One such group is the Bodo community of Assam that demanded their own separate state, has become a major state of concern for the State and the central government. It will be worthwhile to state that the tribal of Assam are perpetually experiencing the problems of land alienation, poverty, indebtedness, severe unemployment, economic exploitation and political oppression. Besides, the tribal languages remained neglected till the attainment of Indian independence. The reorganization of the states primarily on a linguistic basis in North East India such as Nagaland for the Nagas, Manipur for the Manipuri’s (Meitei’s), Meghalaya for the Khasis, Jaintias and Garos and Mizoram for the Mizos also helped to strengthen other distinct tribal to set up political recognition on the basis of a particular language and culture in other states. At the same time, the growing consciousness of their identity and the right to manage their own affairs has led the tribal to the creation of new administrative units with varying degrees of autonomy. Thus, in this background, the Bodos started their movement in the quest for political power towards the end of the 20th century.
A study on opportunities and challenges of digital entrepreneurs-with special reference to Bengaluru
Rekha Mahato
Research Scholar, University School of Management, Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra, Haryana, India
Technology plays a very important role in the development of business. This paper mainly attempts on identifying the opportunities and challenges faced by digital entrepreneurs in Bengaluru. For the purpose of analysis the data is collected by administering the questionnaire in four different industrial areas in Bengaluru. The data is collected form both primary and secondary data. The study includes the concept of digital entrepreneurship, factors affecting the digital entrepreneur’s success. Finally providing suggestions based on the findings.
Influence of Social Media on Journalistic Practices: A Study of Print Media Journalists in Silchar Town of Assam
Krishan Barma
Research Scholar Department of History Dibrugarh University, Assam, India
The internet has changed the world in the last few decades and has revolutionized the way information is stored, gathered, published and consumed. The working procedure of the print media journalists has also been affected by the Internet and largely by social media. In this digital age, the Internet and social media are the latest platforms which aids us in experiencing the products of journalism. Print media journalists are increasingly using social media to disseminate and promote their journalistic works. This study investigates the influence social media has on the journalistic practices of the print media journalists in Silchar, a remote urban area of Assam. It also tries to ascertain the extent and nature of the use of social media in print journalism focusing on the local journalists of the town. The research reveals that the print media journalists in Silchar have very much incorporated the use of social media in their professional works including sourcing and distributing news stories as well as maintaining relationships with the audience.
Understanding the Background of the Autonomy Movement of Tiwa tribe in North East India
Sribesh Misra
Research Scholar, Department of Mass Communication, Assam University, Silchar
This research work is intends to study the autonomy movement of the Tiwa tribe in North East India. The work highlights the underlying factors of the Tiwa movement for an autonomous district within the state of Assam. Both primary and secondary sources have been use in preparing this research work.The Tiwa people started autonomy movement with the objective of preserving their identity against the dominant non-tribal communities in Assam. It is seen that the tribal Belt or Blocks failed to protect the land of the Tribal people. The non-tribal people had deteriorated the economy of the tribal people in various ways. The Government also failed to protect the socio-political and cultural identity of the Tiwa tribe. Since 1967, the Tiwa people became politically organized in their efforts to protect their Socio-Cultural and land rights and through various political organisations they had launched a series of autonomy movement in the region.The autonomy movement which was launched by various Tiwa organizations had forced the Government of Assam to form the Tiwa Autonomous Council in 1995. The autonomy movement of the Tiwa tribe had created many problems for the government and common people of the state. It is very necessary to find out the root causes of the movement so that the problem can be properly solved and peace and prosperity can be restored in the region. This study finds that the root cause of the autonomy movement of the Tiwa tribe was the relative deprivation of the Tiwa people in comparison to other communities of the society.
Occupation mobility among the Schedule Caste: a study on the Guijan village of Tinsukia district of Assam
Haradhan Chowdhuri & Debashish Kundu
Department of Management and Business Administration, PhD Research Scholar, Aliah University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Occupation is an activity which is carried out by an individual as a source of livelihood. It is very dynamic activity which varies depending upon ones nature, occupation of previous generation, lifestyle etc. It has been observed that in every community, occupation of people changes with the changing generation, which occurs due to various reasons. The present paper discuss about the occupational mobility of schedule caste community of Guijan village of Assam. Since ancient times the people of this community is engaged in the occupation of fishing and due to this reason the people of this particular community mostly resides near the bank of river Brahmaputra. It has been observed that with every changing generation the occupational activity of this community is also changing. Therefore keeping in view the above situation this paper attempts to highlight the occupational mobility of the schedule caste people.
Impact of Knowledge Management on the Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Mulug Kalita
Assistant Professor Department of Management College of Business and Economics Dire Dawa University, Ethiopia
The Nigerian banking sector has in recent times experience upsurge in employee turnover as new employees are engaged immediately after disengaging the old ones; suggestive of the existence of knowledge management gap. This study investigates the empirical relationship between knowledge acquisition and conversion as dimensions of knowledge management and performance of banks. To resolve the empirical gap, primary data were generated by means of questionnaire administered on four hundred (400) bank employees drawn from five listed banks in Nigeria. Both simple and multiple regression models were formulated and tested after the diagnostic tests using Variance inflation factor confirms the suitability of such models. The result of the simple OLS model showed that knowledge acquisition and conversion were positively and significantly related at one percent level to performance. The multiple linear model used to examine the statistical significance of the two variables on performance also showed positive and significant impact at one percent level. The R2 in the multiple linear model was 91.85percent. This study contributes to the scanty theoretical and empirical literature on knowledge management from the perspective of emerging African banking sector. The methodology provided quantifiable results that competitive advantage could be enhanced by implementing efficient knowledge management practices. The outcome of this study will be of interest to management of deposit money banks and regulators of financial services sector. By targeting policies that can leverage on intellectual assets, decrease in productivity and innovation, due to downsizing of organisation’s workforce can be avoided. Accordingly, study recommends the practice of knowledge acquisition and conversion by banks.
Effect of Time Management Practices on Academic Achievement of Students in Higher Educational Institutions of Ethiopia: The Case of Dire Dawa University.
Osahon Osadharan
Senior Lecturer at the Department of Business Administration, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Delta State University
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of time management practicessuch as level of general time management behavior, attitude towards time management and goal setting behaviors (long range planning and short range planning) of the students ontheir academic achievementin Dire Dawa University. For this purpose, the researchers have selected a sample 610 students using stratified proportionate random sampling techniquefrom the six constituent colleges of Dire Dawa University (DDU) such as Institute of Technology, College of Business and Economics, College of Social Science, College of Natural Science, College of Health and College of Law. Time Management Questionnaire developed by Britton and Tesser is used to collect primary data from the sample respondents.Descriptive statistics, Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and independent sample T-test at 95% CL, Pearson correlation, and multiple regressionare employed for data analysis. The independent t-test hasshown there is no significant difference in goal setting behaviors, time attitude and general time management behaviors between male and female students of Dire DawaUniversity at 95% CL or at alpha (p<0.05). All time management practices have strong correlation with students’ academic achievement (Pearson correlation r is greater than 0.7, P<0.01). Further, students’ attitude towards time management also exhibited significant positive association with their academic achievement i.e. r= 0.74, p<0.01.Also, students’ attitude towards time management, short range and long range planning play an important role in improving their CGPA.
Implementation of Teacher Metacognition Improves the Quality of Christian Religious Learning in Schools
Alexander and Marina
1Department of Sociology, Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
This study assesses the implementation of teacher metacognition to improve the quality of the process and learning outcomes of Christianity in schools. The research focus is directed at three main aspects (1) the teacher's actions in overcoming Christian religious learning problems, with five supporting indicators; (2) the appreciation of teacher metacognition in learning, with six supporting indicators; and (3) individual factors and social conditions of the metacognition process of Christian religious teachers, with two supporting indicators. This research was designed using a case study method with a qualitative approach, located in two favorite public high schools in Ambon City, Maluku province. The data collection process used questionnaires, observations, interviews, and document studies by involving Christian religion education teachers as informants to describe the teacher's metacognitive abilities in learning in each school. The results of the study prove that the metacognitive abilities of Christian religion education teachers in learning have been carried out well while continuing to fix the various deficiencies found in the learning process. With the knowledge of planning, monitoring, and evaluation, we can use it to develop the Christian religious learning process. With the problems encountered in classroom learning, the teacher continues to make improvements in terms of the conceptual aspects of the material, learning methods or strategies as well as guidance in motivating students to learn well
Implementation of hand hygiene behavior of nurses in patient room of Bhayangkara Hospital
Tamatazia & Ermi Gurung
1Postgraduate Students Department Magister of Public Health, Faculty of Medicines at University Prima Indonesia
The low number of adherence to the application of hand hygiene in nurses in the hospital can increase the incidence of nosocomial infections, because nurses interact with patients for 24 hours. The method in this research is quantitative analytic which aims to determine the implementation of the behavior of applying hand hygiene to nurses in the inpatient room of Bhayangkara Hospital TK II Medan in 2019. The sampling method used is total sampling with a total sample of 38 nurses. Data collection using a questionnaire. From the results of the statistical test analysis showed that there was a significant influence between the training variables on the behavior of applying hand hygiene to nurses in the inpatient room with a p-value of 0.001, between the variables of knowledge on the behavior of applying hand hygiene to nurses in the inpatient room with the result of the p-value. 0.000, between the attitude towards the behavior of applying hand hygiene to nurses in the inpatient room with a p-value of 0.001, between the facility variables on the behavior of applying hand hygiene to nurses in the inpatient room with a p-value of 0.016. The conclusion of this study that the variables that have a significant relationship are the variables of training, knowledge, attitudes, and facilities. It is recommended for the hospital to continue to hold training, especially on hand hygiene and improve facilities and infrastructure to support hand hygiene.
Role of Kinesics in a Virtual Classroom: A Study on the Perception of Engineering Students
Rajdeep Kulkarni
Research scholar Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
With a sudden jolt, the pandemic has forced the teaching fraternity to adapt to the virtual teaching mode overnight. Though the pandemic has affected the educational system worldwide, it has not dampened the spirit of academicians, teachers, and students. In this new normal, online education has emerged as an alternative to a brick and mortar classroom. A surge of online classes has created a completely different classroom setup and redefined the teacher-student relationship. An effective classroom environment is possible only when both the learners and teachers are in sync. Kinesics or nonverbal communication plays a vital role for making teachingeffective. Apart from verbal teaching mode, teachers communicate a lot through their body language in the classrooms. Their facial expression, eye contact, gestures, posture, vocalics play a prominent role in establishing harmony in the class. Research shows that kinesics can be powerful tools for connecting with students. Nonverbal gestures paired with verbal communication enhance comprehension and understanding. This paper intends to explore the role of kinesics in making a virtual classroom effective. Conclusions and implications of this study suggest that nonverbal communication has a significant influence in a virtual classroom which cannot be neglected. Educators and academicians are completely oblivious of the fact that their appearance, gesture, posture are also communicating a lot while they are teaching online. The dissemination of knowledge is not just by the words they are using while teaching whereas nonverbal communication is also happening and creating an impact on the mindset of students.
Changing landuse pattern of Siliguri Municipal Corporation using Remote Sensing and GIS techniques, West Bengal
Ivana Hoque & Prof. Sushma Rohatgi
India
The changes in the land use and land cover are detected and measured by using RS GIS techniques on 30 meter landsat satellite data. To detect and interpret the land use transformation, GIS and remote sensing are combined as a vital tool for the analysis and investigation of spatio temporal data. Siliguri Municipal Corporation (SMC) is undergoing significant demographic growth and economic development and hence experiencing rapid urban expansion and land use changes. The study analyze the spatial variation of land use changes in SMC area over a 27 years period using landsat imageries of three different years. These tools will help the planners and community governments to ensure landscape planning decisions in more sustainable process.
Factors analysis of Bank Employee Performance with Human development skill-Special Reference to BRI
Oluwatoyin Olagunju, Salim Hassan, Mohd Yusoff Abd Samad, and Ramle Kasin
Nigeria
This study aims to examine the effect of transformational leadership, burnout, and emotional intelligence on work motivation, and the effect of work motivation on employee performance. Respondents in this study were 42 employees of BRI Syariah KC. Semarang City, where of the 42 employees are the entire population in the company. The approach used in this research is a quantitative approach. Data collection method used in this study is the distribution of questionnaires directly to respondents. Statistical analysis using structural Equation Model (SEM) with WarpPLS Version 6.0. The results showed that transformational leadership and burnout did not significantly influence the work motivation of BRI Syariah KC employees. The city of Semarang, while emotional intelligence had a positive and significant effect on the work motivation of BRI Syariah KC employees. Kota Semarang, and employee work motivation have a positive and significant effect on the performance of BRI Syariah KC employees. Semarang city. The results of this study provide implications for companies to make the right decisions to improve employee performance.
Trade Relation of Manipur with Burma and British India
Bandita Deka
Department of Social Sciences (Economics) Dibrugarh University
Manipur prior to her annexation by the British in 1891 was an idyllic closed kingdom unperturbed and unfettered by the outside world except for sporadic Burmese invasions. For centuries isolationisms and protectionism were the order of the day till the white man came to her in the beginning of the 19th century. Since then, the closed economy gradually opened outwardfor trade and commerce causing widespread changes in her economic structure. Post 1891, the colonial trade policy pursued rendered her the net importer of manufactured goods and exporter of primary product. The end result was the massive deindustrialisation of her economy coupled with the depletion of natural resources. Thus,the colonial trade policy set the foundation of the present state of the economy of Manipur whereby she have to depend on other states of the country even for her basic needs.The purpose of the paper is to analyse the changing dynamics of the trade of Manipur in the 19th and early 20th century by following the approach of economic history. The paper argues that the colonial trade policy while exploiting the rice economy and natural resources made Manipur a market for outside manufacturing products.
Inter-State Variation in Incidence of Covid-19 in India: A Statistical Analysis
K.P.Venugopala Rao & Farha Ibrahim
Symbiosis Institute of Business Management, Hyderabad
This paper examines the determinants of inter-State variation in incidence and fatality of Covid-19 in India by using the State level cross-sectional data. The ordinary least square method of regression analysis was applied to obtain the results. The analysis showed that incidence of the disease at the global level was the highest in Spain, Italy and United States of America and fatality was the highest in France, United Kingdoms and Italy.India was found to have low incidence of the disease so far.But exponential growth rate of cases, despite lockdown, was 10.80 % during March 5, 2020 to April 30, 2020. The Western region of the country was found to be worst affected by the pandemic.Among the States, incidence was the highest in Delhi and Maharashtra. But fatality was the highest in Meghalaya, Punjab and Madhya Pradesh. The results of regression analysis showed that incidence was positively affected by population density and international exposure and fatality was found to be negatively influenced by health care infrastructure. The study suggests that there is need for stringent population control policy and reduce international exposure for a certain period. The policy should focus on strengthening health care infrastructure along with enhancing public awareness to combat the Covid-19 pandemic.
Impact of Learned Optimism on Leadership Effectiveness with Special Reference to Service Sector
Miss. Ananya Borgohain
Assistant Professor Department of Economics CT College, Tinsukia (Assam)
Research reveals that the overall performance of the workforce is possible through effective leadership. The effective leader is capable to support the workforce and motivate them to perform better. Therefore a leader who is a good communicator and can influence the people and bring confidence in them which encourages them to perform is more suitable for better performance of the organisation. Study found that influence of leadership on the monetary outcomes of the organisation. This paper aims to identify the impact of learned optimism on leadership effectiveness. The study intended to know if the optimism can be learned through leader will that impact the performance of people or not. Various researches accept that optimism helps in dealing various situations, especially uncertainties if faced by companies. The study has considered leaders from service sector organization for data collection. Correlation and regression analysis are used to study the relationship and impact of the study. The finding suggests that the learned optimism has moderately high impact on leadership effectiveness. In-fact many study shows that there are multiple other factors like leader’s influence, communication and inter personal relationship of leader can stronger due to optimistic approach in leader.
Students perception about the employment in engineering colleges in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Sunando Dasgupta, Dr. Deepak Thakur
Institute of Management Studies North Bengal University, India
The Indian constitution resolves to provide quality education to all citizens irrespective of discrepancies. In the effort to fulfil educational needs of the country, specifically for the diverse societies and cultures of the country the government has chalked out different educational categories namely, elementary education, secondary education, higher education, adult education, technical and vocational education. Higher education has spread in multidimensional wings like technical, general, professional education etc. Especially, in the liberalized era, privatization and internationalization of technical education has caused to heavy competition among private engineering and technical research institutions over the world including India. The purpose of the study is to locate sources of manpower to meet the job specifications. It is very important functions of the human resource manager because unless the right type of people is hired even best plans of the organization go in vein. The basic purpose of campus placement is to provide jobs to the students pursuing their final year course. It helps to identify whether aspiration of the students match with the employer or not. Campus recruitment is considered to be a significant factor for both the educational institutions and corporate. The primary objective of the present study is to focus on engineering students’ perception towards placements, education institutions quality deliverance of education and infrastructural facilities, and views of recruiters towards students’ potential. In addition, the other objectives of the study are to identify the methods and techniques followed in campus recruitment, to analyse the factors effect on campus drive, to find the competency level of the students, to know the standards and employability skills of students matches job specification or not, to study the efforts being taken by college management in conducting campus drive, to know the procedure adopted by the company for campus drive, to study the role played by hr departments of various companies in conducting campus drive and providing employability to the students. In this purpose, the population for the study consists of students of various Engineering colleges located in Visakhapatnam, East and West Godavari Districts in Coastal Andhra Pradesh.
Commercial Organizations in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria
Akintola, Abayomi Iskilu Emumejakpor, Odiri Endurance Okorn, Tabi Okorn Emmanuel Sanda Awuye Yarie (PhD)
Cross River Institute of Technology and Management Ugep.
A peaceful and secure environment is observed as one of the requirements for the attainment of organizational goals and objective. This is also one of the fundamental responsibilities of governments across all levels. However due to the increased security challenges in the society and the overstretched nature of the security agencies especially the Nigeria Police,commercial organizations have resorted to the use of Private Security arrangements to combat and prevent crime in their domain. This study examines the relationship between private security and security of commercial organizations in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study specifically seeks to examine the impact these private security have on the security of lives and infrastructures in commercial organizations in Calabar. The study adopted the quantitative method of data collection. The population of the study are staff of some selected commercial organizations in Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria. The instrument of data collection is the questionnaire. Data collected from the field was analyzed using simple percentage and Pearson Product Moment Correlation analysis. Findings revealed that there was a significant relationship between private security and security of lives and infrastructures in commercial organizations in Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study thereby recommend amongst others that The Nigerian government in consultation with relevant stakeholders in the private security industry should urgently review the legal framework for PSCs particularly the PGC Act of 1986 and align its provisions with global standards and practices in the private security industry to make them more effective in carrying out their duties.
Enhancing Work Extension of Cocoa Farmers in Malaysia
Tri Wahyono, Badrus Zaman, Saifudin, Rudi Hartono
Indonesia
This study examines the relationship between human resource development skills (leadership skill, decision making support skill and social skill) with work performance of extension agents’ among cocoa farmers in Malaysia. The study used stratified sampling technique to select 668 cocoa farmers who are exposed to extension programmes facilitated by the extension agents’ of Malaysian Cocoa Board in the three regions of Malaysia. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Significant and positive correlation (p<0.01) existed between each variables and work performance. Regression analysis results showed that leadership skill, decision making support skill and social skill were significant predictors to enhance work performance. The R2 value of 0.564 indicates that the three skills give 56.4% explanation of the variance in extension agents’ work performance. The result also suggested that decision making support skill (β=0.321) was the most important factor that influence work performance followed by leadership skill and social skill. Hence, decision making support skill, leadership skill and social skill should be taken into consideration in enhancing work performance, especially among farmers and the extension agents who work with them for a continuous performance improvement in their work. In general, there is an information gap between farmers, public extension agents, and academia that needs to be bridged through operational HRD efforts and holistic approaches, so it is recommended that training programmes be conducted in extension agents’ line of work to improve their skills in sharing new technology.
Distributive Considerations in Health care Service on Common People
Yaiphaba Ningthoujam
Assistant Professor (Economics) Centre for Study of Social Exclusion and Inclusive Policy Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal
The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines health as a ‘state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity’. Thus, along with physical and mental aspects, another dimension of social well-being is being attached that cannot be ignored. In that context, an important consideration in the provisioning of healthcare is the distribution aspect and how just this distribution is regardless of any socio-economic consideration. The challenge in contemporary healthcare prospect is the structuring of such a framework regarding distribution of healthcare service through which distributive justice is achieved for all citizens. Healthcare having a public good character, it cannot be provided by the private sector on a market-oriented basis at the welfare maximisation level as it will deprive those who are unable to make payments; it makes the case for government provisioning of the service based on equality and just distribution. But the healthcare landscape of the country reveals a picture of undersupply of the service along with continuous withdrawal thereby making provisions for private sector to occupy the space. This has raised a serious question on the equality aspect where everyone should get healthcare service at the time of need. This paper makes an attempt to study how the poor and the disadvantaged sections of the society becomes more and more vulnerable due to inaccessibility to healthcare services in the phase of growing privatisation leading to commercialisation of the service.
Role of micro finance in the empowerment of rural women- Dibrugrh District of Assam
Swati John & Pritam Chattopadhyay
Amity Global Business School, Pune
A most notable milestone in the SHG movement was when NABARD launched the pilot phase of the SHG Bank Linkage programme in February 1992. This was the first instance of mature SHGs that were directly financed by a commercial bank. The informal thrift and credit groups of poor were recognized as bankable clients. Soon after, the RBI advised commercial banks to consider lending to SHGs as part of their rural credit operations thus creating SHG Bank Linkage. The linking of SHGs with the financial sector was good for both sides. The banks were able to tap into a large market, namely the low-income households, transactions costs were low and repayment rates were high. The SHGs were able to scale up their operations with more financing and they had access to more credit products (Reddy and Manek, 2005).This paper seeks to examine the impact of micro finance with respect to poverty alleviation and socioeconomic empowerment of women. By supporting women’s economic participation, microfinance helps to empower women, thus promoting gender equality and improving household wellbeing. To study the role of micro finance and self help groups (SHG’s) in the empowerment of women, two development blocks were selected namely Tingkhong and Joypur development blocks. Out of these two development blocks all total of 22 SHG’s were selected for the present study and out of these 22 SHG’s 110 respondents were selected to conduct the research programme. Tabular analysis is used here to analyse the data which is collected from field survey report.
Migration patterns and its selectivity in Madhyamgram Municipality, North 24 Parganas district, West Bengal
Chaitanyadev Saha
Senior Research Fellow (UGC) Department of Geography Lady Brabourne College, Kolkata
Migration, one of the most important dynamics of population change, is a form of geographical and spatial mobility between one geographical unit and another, generally involving in change in residence from one place to another. In this present study an attempt has been made to discuss about the patterns and selectivity of migration in Madhyamgram Municipality. By using simple random sampling techniques 585 samples have been selected from the study area with the help of a structured questionnaire. Migration is a decision making process. Such process of changing behaviour has been studied carefully to investigate how the different factors influenced to establish the present scenario. How migrational attitudes of men have become a developmental trait in the study area have been analysed .
Spatial patterns of sex ratio in Rajasthan, 2011: A Geographical analysis
Prem chand
Indian council of social science research fellow Department of Geography Panjab University, Chandigarh
Among the various qualitative attributes of population, sex ratio holds an important place as it is a reliable index of the socio-economic conditions prevailing in an area and it is a useful tool for regional analysis. The present paper is an attempt to analyse the trends in sex ratio, spatial patterns, and rural- urban differences in sex ratio in Rajasthan. Sex ratio of Rajasthan is mainly the outcome of interplay of sex differentials in mortality, sex selective migration, sex ratio at birth and at times the sex differences in population enumeration. Sex ratio of Rajasthan is fluctuating in narrow band in last five decades. If keenly observe that the decadal difference in sex ratio is very little, 7 to 11 points only. In other words, there were wide regional differences in rural – urban sex ratio in the state at district level. The area having excess of females over males were characteristic of areas from where male population are out migrated. Whereas area having low sex ratio was associated with, high female mortality rates during infancy and high male selective in migration in response to growing development. It also tries to investigate the possible cause such high-level gap of between rural- urban sex ratio and to suggest some measure to minimize the gap.
A study on natural and man-made problems with some remedies of the East Kolkata wetland
Shovon Kumar Pal
Department of Geography Calcutta University West Bengal, India
Wetlands are the collection forms of marshes, swamps, bogs and similar areas. Wetlands are found in flat vegetated areas in depressions in landscapes and between water and dry land along the edges of streams, rivers, lakes and coastlines. These wetlands have been existing for more than one hundred years, a lasting tradition of disposal and utilization of urban waste in agricultural field and fisheries. The local people have employed a remarkable system of nature to help to meet the three basic problems of the developing countries-shortage of food, shortage of employment opportunities and shortage of funds to treat the waste. Wetlands also play a great role in flood control, treatment of waste water, reduction of sediments, productions of organic materials and control of pollution. Multistorage buildings on agricultural land, low ground water level, increased salinity in water and soil, Deforestation are the chief causes of imbalanced urban ecosystem. There are many parameters in this study. This study has analyzed the causes of environmental problems of East Kolkata Wetlands. This paper is concerned with the environmental problems of the wetlands and how its impact has changed the urban ecosystem and the urban environment. Many of the urban poor live in wetlands areas and are deprived of various basic needs. So this study proves that the environmental problems are there.
Scenario of the juvenile delinquency in India, causes & remedial measures
Scenario of the juvenile delinquency in India, causes & remedial measures
Mr.Baidya Nath Saha
Juvenile delinquency is also known as youth crime or youth offence. It is a part of social pollution. Society is an artificial system formed by complex relationship. It has set of values and norms which help in maintaining harmonious relationship between the members of the society. But when these values are being degraded, then, it leads to the social pollution. If any society sticks to the redundant values and the norms, then, it makes a room for social degradation. We cannot clean the environment unless our society is cleaned properly or proper awareness is created in the society to desist the old practice and tradition.
Problems and Prospects of Tourism Industry in Sikkim
Dr. Pradip Kumar Das
Assistant Professor Department of Management Sikkim Central University
In mid 1970s, Sikkim became a part of India. Sikkim also holds the status of 8th north eastern state of the country. The state is of strategic importance to the India as it shares three international borders with China, Nepal and Bhutan. The economy of the state is heavily dependent on the central government. Because of its location, the state attracts tourist and the tourism industry also grown manifold in recent years. However, the industry also faces lots of problems in the form of frequent landslides, lack of infrastructure development, poor implementation of government initiatives, lack of proper awareness programme etc. The state of Sikkim at the same time has the potential to be the prime tourist destination of the country with lots of bio diversity, scope for eco tourism, adventure tourism, religious tourism etc.Tourism in the State of Sikkim is growing at a rapid pace in a very well thought of and planned manner. Sikkim now has become one of the best sought after hill destinations at the global level. The leadership is very committed and the State Government has been very effective and successful in educating and guiding the people regarding tourism on the basic principle of Sustainable Development.The present study focuses on the dynamics of tourism development and its positive and negative impacts on resources, environment, and local communities. The scope of the survey is to study about the problems and prospects of the tourism industry in the state of Sikkim. The study uses both the primary and secondary data to elicit information. Basically interview methods are adopted for getting information from the respondents.
Empowerment of Dalit in Panchayati Raj
N. Satish, Research Scholar
S.I. Humayun, Assistant Professor Centre for South Asian Studies Pondicherry University Pondicherry
73rd Amendment Act 1992 accorded special reservation for Dalit and offered a wide chance to Dalit women to participate in Panchayati Raj Institutions in India. In the backdrop of the fact that this Act was enacted pan India in 1996 except Meghalaya, Mizoram and Nagaland, the present study inquires whether reservation policy provided by the 73rd Amendment Act has empowered the rise of new leadership among the Dalit, or motivated them to participate voluntarily in the village body elections. Through the local body election in each village of India the following members are elected: Chairperson, President, and ward member, they have been playing a meaningful role in local governance for public good through the panchayat elections. This study is focusing on impact of Dalit reservation in panchayat Raj administration and attempts to evaluate how far these rights have been used by them for the their political participation to meet the expectations of people. Most of the elected representatives of the Dalits and Dalit women are illiterate with insufficient literary knowledge about the functions and procedure of Panchayat Raj setup. Additionally, caste system plays a vital role in rural India toward impeding the function and delegation of panchayat raj power to deprived people across India. The high caste people who are economically and politically strong are capable of governing Panchayat administration than other community. Thus the status of other community people seemingly are pitiful and ignored in the Panchyat Raj administration by the affluent and dominant community. Dominant community as well as dominant political party appears unwilling to see the Dalit prosperity.
Eldery in joint family: a Sociological exegesis of intergenerational connectivity in urban India
Mr. Priyaranjan Behera, Dr. K. Gulam Dasthagir
Department of Sociology Pondicherry University
In an era of increasing elderly population and living household arrangement of the aged people pose an emergent challenge in contemporary society for the present as well as for the future. It is further problematized by the fact of greater density of population and scarcity of living space accompanied by the mushrooming of old age homes in urban areas. In an overarching post –industrial and individuating social relationships, family as the primary institution of social organization is perceived by social scientists. Such an emergent social reality not only questions the structural integration of the family but also the functionality of the family relationships. In the backdrop of ever increasing elderly population and their integration in social system, this paper is an attempt to synthesize the theoretical and empirical propositions on the intergenerational relationships in urban families with special reference to the inclusion of the elderly in urban society.
The role of neighborhood watch and the relationship between victimization, fear of crime and security system in Malaysia
Syarmila Hany Haron
Crime Prevention in Housing Doctor School of Housing, Building and Planning Universiti Sains Malaysia
This research is concerning the Role of the Neighborhood Watch as a method to deter criminality in the Pelangi apartment, George Town, Penang. The determination of research is to regulate the understanding and the attentiveness of the tenants towards the notion and the functions of the Neighborhood Watch scheme and their involvement in order to certify the personal security and that of the neighbors. In addition to that, the study is also to establish whether the Neighborhood Watch scheme is able to alleviate the fear of crime and to reduce the cases of criminal acts such as house breaking, vandalism, robberies and thefts of personal belongings. Besides, this study is also trying to implement the Neighborhood Watch in the area. The research was completed within a survey method using questionnaires to acquire the significant data, regarding199 samples of the Pelangi’s apartment residents. The data was furthermore collected from the face to face interviews and study documentation. The data were successively evaluated via the Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences as a result of together with descriptive as well as the inference statistics. The results of the research indicated that there was a mutual comprehension and responsiveness among the residents of the Pelangi apartment concerning the concept and the roles of the Neighborhood Watch Scheme. The occupants also joined in its activities in order to certify personal security and the security of the residents. Nevertheless, the research correspondingly revealed that the Neighborhood Watch scheme did not lessen the fear of crime amid the tenants and did not decrease the related criminal acts of burglary, vandalism, and thefts in the area. The findings of the research also disclosed that there was no significant relationship between the application of the Neighborhood Watch scheme and the decline of criminal cases.
Status of education among the Muslims of Manipur: prospects and challenges
Md. Chingiz Khan, Md. Abdul Kadir & Mohd. Sarwar Rahman
India
Education is one of the most instrumental tools of sustainable development of any society, individual and community. It can channelize the rural areas to a higher priority basis and platform. To become a knowledge society and community is to develop the essence of higher education explicitly. It is important to remember the words of B. R. Ambedkar, “Education is something which ought to be brought within the reach of everyone. My final word to you ‘Educate, agitate and organize; have faith in yourself’.” In an under-developed state like Manipur, there are many problems faced by the people particularly the Muslim community on a large scale. How this obstacle can be removed is only through explicit higher education. In this seminal piece, an attempt has been made to explore analytically the historical juncture of educational status among the Muslim community of Manipur. Another attempt is being made to examine the problems and challenges faced by the Muslim community in getting higher education in Manipur. Does the state have an ‘inclusive’ and ‘exclusive’ policy in the promotion and developmental works of higher educational institutes belonging to the marginalized communities with special reference to Muslim community? There is much essential to be focused on the roles of state in the promotion of higher educational institute among the marginalized communities particularly the Muslim community in the state. All these fundamental issues with regard to the status of education along with their problems and prospects need to be explored and examined as objectively as possible here.
Gender disparity and rural poverty in Kerala: implications and issues
Jafar K & Dr. K.Gulam Dasthagir
Department of Sociology Pondicherry University
Women perhaps are the poorest of even the poor in human society. This gender disparity gets doubly accentuated in the rural context in which women are succumbed to regional backwardness as well as backwardness among the poor. In this scenario the present paper is an attempt to enquire in to the ramifications of poverty to rural women with a view to examine the prevalence and predicaments of gender issues in kerala. This paper premised on the analysis of secondary data drawn from 2011 census report of India, throws light on the persistence of gender disparity among the rural poor in Kerala. It brings in to sharp focus issues pertaining to life, livelihood and health of women of rural Kerala. It highlights feminization of rural poverty, feminization of agriculture, feminization of rural malnutrition, feminization of rural indebtedness and gender gap in rural poverty alleviation efforts as issues perpetuating gender disparity in rural poverty.
Anthropometric profile and nutritional status of selected Mavasi tribal in Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh
Irshad Khan, Rajeswar Maharana
Ph.d. Scholar Centre for Anthropological Studies, Central university of Orissa, Koraput Odisha, India
The present study was carried out to determine anthropometric profile and nutritional status of selected Mavasi tribal of Chhindwara district of Madhya Pradesh. Mavasi is one of the tribe of Madhya Pradesh. A total of 75 households comprising of 115 individuals (60 adult male and 55 adult female) of Chhindwara district were selected for present study. Interviewed though the help of a pre-tested structured scheduled have prepared for the collection of health related data. Various anthropometric nutritional statuses were calculated by BMI, Pigent index, Broca index and Wirth’s standard. In this present paper we can see various results on nutritional status in Mavasi tribe (both male and female) ranging the age between 20-50 year, have been highlighting in BMI 59.50% grade III,II,I malnutrition series. Apart from this, the present paper also reveals that the overall socio-economic condition of Mavasi tribe. The pignet index shows that 46.88% of Mavasi male are weak to poor state of physique. In conclusion the studies provide evidence that the nutritional status of both male and female adult was not satisfactory. Among the Mavasi tribe the adult female were having more nutritional deficiency than adult male. Immediate appropriate nutrition intervention programme are needed for improving their status.
A study on the problems of first-generation girl learners of ST and SC group at the secondary schools in the district of Birbhum, West Bengal
Priyabrata Mondal, Arijit Ghosh & Prof. Tarak Nath Pan
India
According to John Dewy, “Life is education”. It is in Indian constitution that free and compulsory education must be universalised for all children up to 14 years age. It is questionable enough that whether India has become successful or not to spray this mission to each and every section of our Indian society. First generation girl’s learner of scheduled caste & scheduled tribe of Birbhum district (W.B, India) have been found to face various problems in secondary educational level. That’s why they are lagging hundred steps behind the average level. Here a step has been taken to focus light on those problems in order to find out solutions of those problems through different educational plans.
Literacy Overview: A Case Study of Purulia District West Bengal
Mr.Meelan Chamling
Geography Assistant Master Sainik School Purulia Purulia West Bengal India
A comprehensive study of various facts and figures and diverse statistical variables pertaining to literacy reveals that the district of Purulia is constantly being one of the backward districts in terms of literacy in the whole of West Bengal. Over the last consecutive decades, literacy transition and developmental process in the district is not very encouraging. A wide and deep fissure is been visible in terms of literacy transformation among the various attributes of the population. Moreover, Purulia also highlights wide and varied regional disparity in its literacy morphology. As such this paper attempts to study and analyze the decadal literacy trends and its changing pattern in the district. Further, it also try to make a comprehensive and critical study of literacy trends at the lowest administrative level i.e CD Blocks/Municipalities with respect to various social-cultural attributes of the district, in order to highlight the actual overview of literacy and bring out the important salient features observed over the decade to throw some lights on its changing literate characteristics.
MENU